fornia 

nal 

y 


LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 
CALIFORNIA 

SAN  DIEGO 


UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

SAN  DIEGO 
Donated  in  memory  of 

John  W.    Snvder 

by 

His  Son  and  Daughter 


A    PRONOUNCING    DICTIONARY 
OF  MUSICAL  TERMS. 


A 

PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

OF 

MUSICAL  TERMS 


COMPILED  AND  EDITED  BY 
HARRY   NEWTON   REDMAN 


BOSTON 
KNIGHT   &   MILLET 


COPYRIGHT    1901, 
BY   KNIGHT  &  MILLET. 


LIST  OF  CONTENTS, 


PACK 

RULES    FOR    THE    PRONUNCIATION     OF     FRENCH, 

GERMAN,  AND  ITALIAN i 

PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  TERMS  .    .  i 
PRONUNCIATION    OF   THE    NAMES    OF    THE    CHIEF 

COMPOSERS  AND  ARTISTS 123 

ABBREVIATIONS 127 

TERMS  AND  ABBREVIATIONS  IN  SONATAS     ....  139 


RULES  FOR  THE  PRONUNCIATION 

OF  FRENCH,  GERMAN,  AND 

ITALIAN 


FRENCH. 
VOWELS : 

a  is  pronounced  like  a  in  Italian,  but  somewhat  shorter, 

and  is  often  rendered  similar  to  the  English  a. 
a  like  ah. 
e  like  n  in  cut. 
6  like  ay  in  day. 
e  like  e  in  where, 
e  like  a  in  German, 
i  or  i  like  ee  in  feet.     Short  \  is  the  same  as  in  English. 

0  as  in  Italian. 

u  like  it  in  German. 

DIPHTHONGS : 

ai  as  in  bait,     ai  before  /-final  or  //  should  be  rendered 

as  a  diphthong  (ah'-ee),  but  slightly  separated, 
al  and  ei  like  6. 
eu,  eu,  and  oeu  like  o  in  German. 

01  like  oh-dk',  but  so  slightly  separated  that  it  sounds 

like  one  syllable. 
OU  and  ou  like  oo  in  toot. 


ii     RULES  FOR    THE   PRONUNCIATION  OF 

eau  like  long  o  without  the  vanish  u. 

Vowels  and  diphthongs  are  rendered  nasal  when  fol- 
lowed by  n,  mt  nd,  nt,  or  mt  at  the  end  of  a  sylla- 
ble except  in  the  verbal  ending  of  the  third  person 
plural. 

CONSONANTS : 

Consonants  are  pronounced  the  same  as  in  English, 
except  in  the  following  cases : 

C  the  same  as  s  in  song  before  e,  e,  <?,  I,  and  /. 

ch  like  sh. 

g  has  the  sound  of  z  in  azure  when  placed  before  £,  /,  £, 
^,  and  /'. 

gn  the  same  as  in  Italian. 

h  is  often  silent. 

j  like  z  in  azure. 

11  when  placed  after  i  is  usually  rendered  like  the  Eng- 
lish y  (as  a  consonant),  and  often  prolongs  the  i 
(like  ee). 

n  is  nasal  and  often  given  the  English  pronunciation. 

m  is  nasal  under  certain  conditions. 

r  is  rendered  with  somewhat  of  a  roll. 

s-final  is  silent. 

t-final  is  silent. 

cr,  et,  es,  est,  ez,  when  used  as  final  syllables,  are  ren- 
dered like  /. 

GENERAL  RULE  FOR  ACCENTUATION: 

Lightly  accent  the  last  syllable  of  a  polysyllabic  word, 
but  do  not  give  any  one  syllable  the  strong  stress 
usual  in  English  words. 


FRENCH,  GERMAN,  AND  ITALIAN         til 

GERMAN. 

VOWELS : 

Simple  vowels  are  pronounced  the  same  as  in  Italian  ; 

y  like  /  or  u  in  German. 
Vowels  are  modified  as  follows  : 

a  as  in  care,  but  somewhat  broader. 

e  as  in  fed. 

6  has  no  equivalent  in  English. 

Long  6  may  be  rendered  by  placing  the  lips  to  speak 

oh,  but  saying  d  instead  with  the  position  of  the 

lips  unchanged. 
Short  8  is  pronounced  by  saying  /  (as  in  fed)  instead 

of  d. 

ii  has  no  equivalent  in  English. 
Long  u  may  be  rendered  by  placing  the  lips  to  say  oo 

(toot),  and  saying  ee  (feet)  instead. 
Short  u  is  pronounced  by  saying  I  (hit)  instead  of  ee. 

DIPHTHONGS : 

ai  and  ei  like  long  f  in  write. 

ae  like  a. 

au  like  ow  in  how. 

eu  and  au  like  oi  slightly  separated  (ah1  -u). 

CONSONANTS : 

f ,  h,  k,  1,  m,  n,  p,  t,  the  same  as  in  English. 

b  when  beginning  a  syllable  or  word  is  pronounced  as 

in  English,  but  when  ending  a  syllable  or  word  it 

is  rendered  like  p. 
d  the  same  as  in  English,  except  when  ending  a  syllable 

or  word ;  in  that  case  it  is  rendered  like.  & 


IV     RULES  FOR    THE  PRONUNCIATION  OP 

C  like  k  when  placed  before  a,  o,  and  u ;  like  ts  bef or* 
a,  e,  i,  and  a. 

g  is  usually  hard,  but  also  like  z  in  azure  in  French  anc1 
Italian  words  in  which  g  is  so  rendered. 

The  syllables  ang,  eng,  ing,  ong,  and  ung  when  end- 
ing a  word  terminate  with  a  k  sound. 

j  like_y  (consonant). 

qu  like  kv. 

r  is  rendered  either  with  harsh  breathing  or  a  roll. 

S  when  beginning  a  syllable  or  word,  and  also  before  a 
vowel,  has  the  sound  of  z  (soft) ;  ending  a  syllable 
or  word,  like  sharp  s ;  placed  before  t  and  p,  begin- 
ning a  word,  most  frequently  like  sh  \  otherwise  a 
is  pronounced  as  in  English. 

V  like/ 

w  like  v  (between  v  and  w). 

X  like  ks. 

z  likg  ts. 

COMPOUND   CONSONANTS: 

ch  has  no  equivalent  in  English ;  beginning  a  syllable, 
or  when  placed  after  e,  i,  a,  6,  ii,  ai,  ei,  ae,  ae,  eu, 
and  au,  it  is  soft  (place  the  tongue  to  pronounce  d, 
but  say  h  instead),  ch  is  hard  when  placed  after 
a,  o,  u,  and  au. 

chs  like  x. 

sell  like  sh. 

sp  and  st,  see  S. 

th  like  t. 

Accented  syllables  are  rendered  much  the  same  as  in 
English, — with  a  strong  stress. 


FRENCH,  GERMAN,  AND  ITALIAN  V 

ITALIAN. 
VOWELS : 

Vowels  being  very  open  are  never  to  be  rendered  as 
impure  vowels  or  diphthongs.  Vowels  are  long 
when  ending  accented  syllables  and  short  in  unac- 
cented syllables,  or  when  occurring  in  accented 
ones  terminating  with  a  consonant. 

a  pronounced  ah  ah,  but  not  d. 

e  like  ay  in  day,  but  without  the  vanish  ?,  /,  as  in  fed ; 
also  has  the  sound  of  a  in  care  when  placed 
before  r. 

i  has  the  sound  of  ee  in  feet ;  f  in  hit ;  when  before  a 
vowel  i  has  the  sound  of  y  (consonant). 

0  like  aw  or  oh,  but  without  the  vanish  «. 

u  like  oo  in  toot ;  u  in  full. 

CONSONANTS : 

All  consonants  are  softer  than  in  English,  the  soft  con- 
sonants being  quite  delicate. 

b,  d,  f ,  1,  m,  n,  p,  qu,  s,  t,  v,  are  rendered  as  in  English. 

C  sounds  like  k  before  a,  o,  u,  or  another  consonant, 
with  the  exception  of  c,  as  follows :  — 

C  like  ch  in  check  before  e,  or  like  ch  in  chair  before  i. 

CC  is  like  t-ch  before  e  or  i. 

g  is  hard  when  placed  before  a,  o,  u,  or  another  conso- 
nant, with  the  exception  of  1  and  n. 

gl  is  like  l-y,  and  gn  like  n  in  canon  (kan'-yon). 

g  is  like  a  softy  or  like  z  in  azure  when  placed  before 
e  or  i. 

h  is  silent. 

j  sounds  like  y  in  you. 


vi  RULES  FOR  PRONUNCIATION 

r  is  pronounced  with  a  roll  by  placing  the  tip  of  the 

tongue  against  the  hard  palate. 

In  a  doubled  consonant  the  first  syllable  is  prolonged. 
Accented  syllables  are  not  so  strongly  marked  as  in 

English,  but  are  much  dwelt  upon. 


PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 
OF  MUSICAL  TERMS. 


[The  diacritical  marks  used  in  this  vocabulary  to  designate  the  pro. 
nunciation  are  those  in  most  common  use  by  philologists,  and  will  be 
readily  understood  by  the  reader.] 

A.  The  sixth  note  in  the  natural  diatonic  scale.  (That  of 
C  major.) 

A,  //.  (ah).     At,  to,  by,  in,  on,  for,  with. 

A,  Fr.  (a).     To,  with,  at,  on,  by. 

Ab,  Ger.  (ab).     Off,  of,  from,  down. 

Abacas,  Lot.  (a-M-kus).  An  ancient  instrument  for  divid- 
ing the  intervals  of  the  octave. 

Aballata,  ft.  (a  bal-/d'-ta).  In  the  style  of  a  dance.  See 
Ballata. 

Abandon,  Fr.  (a-banA  d8n^).     Freedom. 

Abbandonarsi,  It.  (ab-ban-do-«<i>-ze).  To  abandon  oneself 
to  the  influence  of  music. 

Abbandonasi,  //.  (ab-ban-do-wa-ze).     Without  restraint. 

Abbellare,  //.  (ab-bel-/£-re).     To  embellish  with  ornaments. 

Abcidiren,  Ger.  (ab-se-<#r-'n).  A  series  of  exercises  in 
which  the  names  of  the  notes  are  used  instead  of  words. 

Abbellime'nto,  It.  (ab-bel-le-fwJw-to).     An  embellishment. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  £,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill ; 
6,  old ;  6,  odd  ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


2  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Abblasen,    Ger.    (a^-bla-z'n).      To    sound   or   flourish    the 

trumpet. 

Abendglocke,  Ger.  (a-bend-^/W-e).     Evening  bell,  curfew. 
Abendlied,  Ger.  (o-bend-led).     Evening-song. 
Abendmusik,  Ger.  (a-bend-»i00-zik).     Evening  music. 
Abendstandchen,  Ger.  (a-bend-j^Af«i/-khen).     A  serenade. 
Abenteuerlich,  Ger.  (a-ben-/te>-likh).     Bold,  strange. 
Abgehend,  Ger.  (a'3-ga-hend).     Dying  away. 
Abgestossen,  Ger.  (atf-ghe-shtos-s'n).     Short,  detached. 
Abgeleiteter  akkord,   Ger.   (a^-ghe-li-te-ter  ak-kord).     An 

inversion  of  a  chord. 

Ab  initio,  Lat.  (ab  m-^-shi-6).     From  the  commencement. 
Abkurzungen,  Ger.  (a'3-kiirt-soong-en).     Abbreviations. 
Abnehmend,  Ger.  (a^-na-mend).     Softening  the  tone. 
Abrege",  Fr.  (a-bra-zha).     To  abridge. 
Abruptio,  Lat.  (ab-r^-shi-o).     A  sudden  stop. 
Absatz,  Ger.  (atf-satz).     A  melodic  phrase. 
Abschwellen,  Ger.  (o^-schvel-1'n).     Diminishing. 
Abspielen,  Ger.  (a^-shpe-1'n).     To  perform  on  an  instrument. 
Abstimmung,  Ger.  (a^-shtim-moongk).     Discordance. 
Abstossen,  Ger.  (o^-shtos-s'n).    To  detach.    To  play  staccato. 
A  capp^lla,   It.  (a  kap-/d/-la).      In  the  church  or  chapel 

style. 

A  cappriccio,  //.  (a  kap^>r^-she-6).     In  a  capricious  style. 
AccarezzeVole,  It.  (ak-ka-ret-zJ-v5-le).     Caressing,  coaxing. 
Accelerando,    //.    (at-chel-a-ra»-d6).      Gradually     growing 

faster. 

Accent.     Stress  or  emphasis  placed  on  certain  tones. 
Acce'nto,    It.    (at-cAdn-to).      Emphasis    laid    upon    certain 

notes. 
Accentuate,  //.  (at-chen-tocni-re).     To  accentuate. 

a,  ale ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  //// 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  3 

Acciaccato,  It.  (at-che-ak-/£a-to).     Violently. 

Acciaccatura,  It.  (at-che-ak-ka-/<w-ra).     The  same  as  a  short 

appoggiatura. 
Accidental.     A   sharp,    flat   or   natural   not   found   in  the 

signature. 
Accolade,  Fr.  (ak-ko-/<fc/).    A  brace  connecting  two  or  more 

staves. 
Accompaniment.    That  part  of  a  musical  composition  which 

attends  the  melody  or  theme. 
Accord,  Fr.  (ak-kor).     A  chord. 
Accordato,  It.  (ak-kor-ata'-to).     In  tune. 
Accordatura,  ft.  (ak-kor-da-totf-ra).     Concord,  harmony. 
Accordoir,  Fr.  (a.'k-'kor-d-wdr).     A  tuning  instrument. 
Accresce'ndo,  It.  (ak-kre-stidn-do).     Increasing. 
Accresceie,  It.  (ak-kre-skd-re).     To  increase. 
A  cinq,  Fr.  (a  san^k).     For  five  parts. 
Action.     The  mechanism  of  an  organ  or  piano. 
Ad,  Lat.  (ad).     At,  to. 
Adagio,  It.  (a-</£-je-o).     Slow. 
Adagio  assai,  It.  (a-da-je-o  as-sa-e).     Very  slow. 
Adagio  cantabile,  It.  (a-da-je-o  kan-ta-te-la).       Slow,  in  a 

singing  style. 
Adagio  con  gravita,  It.  (a-da-je-o  kSn.fra-ve-ta).    Slow  with 

gravity. 

Adagio  dim61to,  It.  (a-da-je-o  de  mol-to).     Very  slow. 
Adagio  non  tr6ppo,  It.  (a-da-je-5  non  trSp-po).   Not  too  slow. 
Adagio    pat£tico,    It.    (a-da-je-6    pa-^-te-ko).      Slow   and 

pathetic. 

Adagio  pesante,  It.  (a-da-je-o  pa-zan-te).     Slow  and  heavy. 
Adagio  poi  allegro,  It.  (a-da-je-5  po-e  al-/J-gro).     Slow,  then 

quick. 

6,  old ;  o,  odd  ;  o,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ti,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


4  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Ad  Agio  sostenuto,  //.  (a-da-je-o  sos-ta-«<v-t5).  Slow  and 
sustained. 

Adagissimo,  //.  (a-da^j-se-mo).     Extremely  slow. 

Ad  captandum,  Lat.     In  a  light  and  brilliant  style. 

Ad  dolor  ato,  It.  (ad-do-16-ra-to).     Grieved. 

A  deux,  Fr.  (a  dub).     For  two. 

A  deux  mains,  Fr.  (a  duh  man£).     For  two  hands. 

A  deux  pianos,  Fr.  (a  duh  pe-o-no).     For  two  pianos. 

A  deux  temps,  Fr.  (a  duh  tan/fc).     In  double  time. 

Ad  libitum,  Lat.  (ad  /tf-i-tum).     At  will,  at  pleasure. 

Ad  placitum,  Lat.  (ad/5/a-ci-tum).     At  pleasure. 

A  due,  //.  (a  doo-e).     For  two. 

A  due  c6Kle,  //.  (a  doo-e  &V-de).     For  two  strings. 

A  due  c6ri,  //.  (a  doo-e  ko-re).     For  two  choirs. 

A  due  strome'nti,  It.  (a  doo-e  stro-mdn-te).  For  two  in- 
struments. 

A  due  v6ci,  //.  (a  doo-e  vo-che).     For  two  voices. 

A  dur,  Gtr.  (a  door).     A  major. 

^rophone,  Fr.  (e-ro-fon).     A  French  reed  instrument. 

Affabile,  It.  Caf^S-be-le).     Gracefully,  gently. 

Affanato,  It.  (af-fa-wa-to).     Uneasily. 

Affettu6so,  //.  (af-fet-too-5-zo).     Tender. 

Affrettando,  //.  (af-fret-^'w-do).  Hurrying,  quickening  the 
time. 

Affrett6so,  It.  (af-fret-/(?-zo).     Quick,  accelerated,  hurried. 

Afindr,  Sp.  (a-fe-«a>).     To  tune  musical  instruments. 

AgeVole,  It.  (a^'J-vo-le).     Light. 

Aggiustam6nte,  //.  (ad-je-oos-ta-w<fM-te).  Without  chan- 
ging the  time. 

Agilit6,  Fr.  (a-zhe-le-ta).     Nimbleness. 

Agilm4nte,  It.  (a-jel-»zJ«-te).     Lively,  gay. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  T,  ice  ;  i,  ///; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  5 

Agitato,  It.  (aj-e-Ai'-to).     Agitated. 

A  grand  chceur,  Fr.  (kUr).     With  full  choir. 

A  grand  orchestra,  Fr.  (or-kestr).     With  full  orchestra. 

Agre'ments,  Fr.  (a-gra-man^).     Embellishments. 

Aigu,  Fr.  (a-gti).     Acute,  high,  shrill. 

Air.     Melody,  tune. 

Air  a  boire,  Fr.  (ar  a  bwar).     Drinking-song. 

Air  chantant,  Fr.  (ar  sha.nA-ta.nA).     A  singing  melody. 

Air  rapide,  Fr.  (ar  ra-ped).     A  nourish. 

Air  tendre,  Fr.  (ar  tan^-dr).     Love  song. 

Air  vari6,  Fr.  (ar  va-ri-a).     Air  with  variations. 

Ais,  Ger.  (ois).     The  note  A  sharp. 

Ais-dur,  Ger.  (ois-door).     A  sharp  major. 

Ais-moll,  Ger.  (ois-moll).     A  sharp  minor. 

Aise,  Fr.  (aiz).     Glad,  joyful ;  easy,  convenient. 

Akkord,  Ger.  (ak-kdrd).     Chord. 

Akt,  Ger.  (akt).     Act. 

Al,  It.  (al).     To  the,  up  to  the. 

A  la,  Fr.  (a  la).     In  the  style  of. 

A  1'abandon,  Fr.  (a  la-ban/*-dSo6).     With  ease. 

A  la  chasse,  Fr.  (a  la  shass).     In  the  hunting  style. 

A  la  me  me,  Fr.  (a  la  mam).     In  the  same. 

A  la  me'sure,  Fr.  (a  la  ma-ziir).     In  time. 

A  la  militaire,  Fr.  (a  la  me-le-tdr).     In  the  military  style. 

Alborada,    Sp.    (al-bo-ra-da).      The    music    of    a   morning 

serenade. 

Alcun6,  It.  (al-koo-«J).     Some,  certain. 
Al  fine,  It.  (aiy?-ne).     To  the  end. 
Alia  br^ve,   It.    (a/-la  brd-vz).      Time  of    one   breve  in  a 

measure. 
Alia  caccia,  It.  (dl-Va.  ^iV-che-a).     In  the  hunting  style. 

5,  old ;  o,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  {French). 


6  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Alia  camera,  It.  (a/-la  kd-me-ra.).     In  chamber  music  style. 
Alia  cappella,  It.  (a/-la  kap-/<?/-la).     Vocal  chorus  without 

instrumental  accompaniment. 
Alia  diritta,  It.   (a/-la  de-r^-ta).      In   direct    ascending  or 

descending  style. 

Alia  marcia,  It.  (a/-la  war-che-a).     In  marching  style. 
Alia  moderna,  //.  («7-la  m5-</<2r-na).     In  the  modern  style. 
Alia  Mortlsca,  It.  (#7-la  mo-r&r-ka).     In  the  Moorish  style. 
All'  antic6,  //.  (al-lan-te-^J).     In  the  ancient  style. 
Alia  Palestrfna,  It.   (dt-la.  Pa-les-ftv-na).      In  the  style  of 

Palestrina  (ecclesiastical). 

Alia  polacca,  It.  (dl-\a.  po-/a/^-ka).     In  the  style  of  a  polo- 
naise. 

Alia  quinta,  //.  (a/-la  quen-ta).     At  the  interval  of  a  fifth. 
Allargando,  It.  (al-lar-^B«-d5).     Growing   broader.     Slower 

and  more  marked. 

Alia  riv£rsa,  It.  («7-la  re-vdr-sa.).     In  contrary  motion. 
Alia  Tede'sca,  It.  (dl-Ya.  te-Jaz-ka.).     In  the  German  style. 
Alia  Veneziana,  It.  (a/-la  ve-na-tse-a-na).     In  the  Venetian 

style. 

Alia  zingara,  It.  (a/-la  /Ji?«-ga-ra).     In  gypsy  style. 
Alia  z6ppa,  It.  (a/-la  tsof-pa.).     In  a  halting  style. 
Alle,  Ger.  (dl-\e).     All. 
Allegramente,    It.     (al-le-gra-»»Jw-te).       Cheerfully,    gaily, 

lightly. 

Allegrdnte,  It.  (a\-\e-grdn-te).     Joyous,  mirthful. 
Allegrettfno,  It.  (al-le-gret-/^-n6).     A  short  allegretto.     A 

movement  slower  than  allegretto. 
Allegretto,  It.  (al-le-£r<W-to).     Lively.     Faster  than  andante 

and  slower  than  allegro. 
Allegre'zza,  //.  (al-le-^-r<f/-za).     Liveliness. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  f 

Allegrissimo,  It.  (al-Ia-^r^r-se-mo).     As  quick  as  possible. 
Allegro,  //.  (al-/<?-gro).     Quick. 

Allegro  agitato,  It.  (al-/<?-gro  aj-e-te'-to).    Quick  and  agitated. 
Allegro  appassionato,  It.  (al-/£-gro  ap-pas-se-o-««-to).     Pas- 
sionately joyful. 

Allegro  assai,  It.  (al-/J-gro  as-jw-e).     Faster  than  allegro. 
Allegro  c6modo,   It.   (al-/<?-gr5   &7-m5-d5).      A  comfortable 

degree  of  speed. 
Allegro  COn  brio,  It.  (al-/tf-gro  kon  bre-o}.     Quick,  and  with 

spirit. 
Allegro  con  fu6co,  It.  (al A?-gro  kon  foo-J-ko).     Quick  and. 

fiery. 
Allegro  COn  m6tO,  It.  (al-/V?-gro  kon  tno-to).     Quick,  with  an\ 

animated  and  energetic  movement. 
Allegro  con  spirito,  It.  (al-/<?-gro  kon  j^-re-to).    Quick,  with 

energy. 
Allegro  di  bravura,  It.  (al-Af-gro  de  bra-z/^-ra).    Quick,  with 

dash. 
Allegro  di  m61tO,   It.    (al-/«f-gr5  de  mol-lo).      With  much 

rapidity. 

Allegro  furi6so,  It.  (al-/<?-gr5  foo-re-J-zo).    Fast  and  furious. 
Alle"gro  giustO,  It.  (a.\-/d-grojoos-to).    An  appropriate  degree 

of  rapidity. 
Allegro  ma  grazi6so,  It.  (al-/<?-gro  ma  gra  tse-J-zo).     Quick 

but  graceful. 
Allegro  ma  non  presto,  It.  (al-/<f-gro  ma  n6n/rJj-to).    Fast, 

but  not  too  much  so. 
Allegro  ma  non  tanto,  It.  (al-/<?-gro  ma  n8n  tan-to).     Quick 

but  not  too  rapid. 
Allegro   ma  non    tr6ppO,  It.    (al-/*?-gro  ma   n5n   trSp-^o). 

Quick,  but  not  too  rapid. 

6,  old ;  o,  odd ;  6,  done ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but :  ii,  (French}. 


8  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Allegro  moderate,//.  (iil-/d-gr6  mod-eVa-to).  Moderately  fast. 

Allegro  m61to,  It.  (al-/<?-gr5  mol-io).     Very  fast. 

Allegro  risoluto,    It.    (al-/J-gro    re-zo-/w-to).      Quick   and 

resolute. 

Allegro  ve!6ce,  It.  (al-/<f-gro  ve-/J-che).     Quick  and  swift. 
Alle*gro  vivace,  It.  (al-/<2-gr5  ve-z/o-che).     Quick  and  spirited. 
Allegro  vivo,  It.  (al-/<f-gro  ve-vo).     Quick  and  lively. 
Allegrusio,  It.  (al-le-^ra^-ze-o).     Good-humored,  sprightly. 
Allein,  Ger.  (a\-lm).     Alone,  only. 
Alleinsang,  Ger.  (al-/f«-sang).     A  solo. 
Allentamento,  It.  (al-len-ta-/»<?«-to).     Slackening. 
All  'ottdva,  It.  (al  ot-ta'-va).     An  octave  above  or  below. 
All  'unis6no,  It.  (al  oo-ne-0J-n6).     In  unison. 
Al  piac^re,  It.  (al  pe-a-^J-re).     At  pleasure. 
Al  piu,  It.  (al  pe-oo).     The  most. 
Al  rig6re  del  te'mpo,  It.  (al  re-^re  del  tdm-po).     In  strict 

time. 

Al  rive'rso,  //.  (al  re-^^-so).     In  contrary  motion. 
Al  segno,  It.  (al  sdn-yo).     To  the  sign  :$:.     See  Segno. 
Alt,  Ger.  (alt).     Alto. 
Alt,  //.  (alt).     High  ;  applied  to  the  octave. 


m    +.    -p-    ^    f.    £    4= 

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Alter^zza,  It.  (al-ta-r/^j-tsa).     Loftiness,  sublimity. 

Altissimo,  It.  (al-^j-se-mo).     Octave  above  Alt. 

Alto.     The  deeper  of  the  two  chief  divisions  of  women's  or 

boys'  voices. 

Altus,  Lat.  (a/-tus).     The  alto  or  counter  tenor. 
Amabile,  It.  (a-wza-be-le).     Sweet,  tender,  gentle. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  j  a,  care ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice ;  T,  /7/y 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  9 

AmareVole,  It.  (a-ma-rJ-vo-le).     Mournfully. 

Am6re,  //.  (a-wzJ-re).     Love. 

Am6re,  con.     Fondly,  tenderly. 

Amor6so,  It.  (a.-mo-ro-zo).     Loving,  tender. 

Anche,  Fr.  (an^sh).     Reed. 

Anche,  It.  (an-ka).     Also,  likewise,  too,  even. 

Andacht,  Ger.  (o«-dakht).     Devotion. 

Andante,  It.   (an-a'aw-te).     A  moderately  slow  movement. 

Andante  affettudso,  It.    (an-</o'«-te  af-fet-too-<?-z5).     Slowly 

and  tenderly. 
Andante  cantabile,  It.  (an-dfo'«-te  can-to'-be-le).     Slow,  in  a 

singing  manner. 
Andante  con  m6to,  It.  (an-</a«-te  kon  mo-to).     Slow,  with 

movement. 
Andante  grazi6so,  It.  (an-^/aw-te  gra-tse-^zo).      Slow  and 

graceful. 

Andante  largo,  It.  (an-dan-te  Idr-gS).     Slow,  distinct. 
Andante  maest6so,  //.  (an-d?a«-te  ma-es-^J-zo).     Slow  and 

majestic. 
Andante  ma  non  tr6ppO,  It.  (an-a?a«-te  ma  non  trSp-^o). 

Slow,  but  not  too  much  so. 
Andantino,  It.  (an-dan  ^-no).    Strictly  meaning  slower  than 

andante,  but  used  often  in  the  reverse  sense. 
Anfang,  Ger.   (a'w-fang).     Beginning. 

Anfiihrer,  Ger.  (o'w-fuh-rer).     A  conductor,  director,  leader. 
Angemessen,  Ger.  (an-ghe-»z£r-s'n).     Appropriate. 
Angoscioso,  //.  (an-gos-che-J-zo).     Plaintively. 
Angstlich,  Ger.  (J«^rMikh).     Fearfully. 
Anhang,  Ger.  (a«-hang).     Coda. 
Anima,  It.  (aw-e-ma).     Life. 
Animate,  It.  (an-e-/»£-to).     Animated. 

5,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute ;  ii,  but ;  i\,  (French}. 


IO  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 

Anim6so,  It.  (an-e-/»J-z6).     Spirited. 

Anklang,  Ger.  (a»-klang).     Harmony. 

Anlage,  Ger.  (a«-la-ghe).     The  plan  of  a  composition. 

Antecedent.  The  initial  phrase  of  a  melody,  requiring  to 
be  followed  by  another  called  its  consequent. 

Antiphone,  Gr.  (<3:«-te-f6-ne).     Responsive  singing. 

Antithesis.  A  term  used  to  indicate  the  last  half  of  a 
musical  period,  also  the  answer  in  a  figure. 

Anwachsend,  Ger.  (aw-vakh-send).     Increasing. 

A  piacere,  It.  (a  pe-a-^£-re).     At  pleasure. 

A  p6co,  //.  (a-/J-ko).     By  little. 

Appassionato,  It.  (ap-pas-se-6-«a-to).     Impassioned. 

Appoggiatura,  It.  (ap-pod-je-a-rtTb-ra).  The  accented  appog- 
giatura  is  a  grace  note  placed  before  the  real  melody- 
note  and  taking  the  accent  and  part  of  the  latter's 
time  value.  The  long  appoggiatura  is  now  obsolete. 
The  short  appoggiatura  is  a  small  eighth-note  or  six- 
teenth-note having  a  slanting  stroke  through  the  hook, 
and  is  played  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

A  quatre  mains,  Fr.  (a  katr  maa£).     For  four  hands. 

A  quatre  seuls,  Fr.   (a  katr  siil).     For  four  soloists. 

A  quatre  voix,  Fr.  (a  katr  vwa).     For  four  voices. 

Arche,  Ger.  (<i>-khe).     Sounding-board  of  an  organ. 

Arco,  //.  («>-ko).     Bow. 

Ardito,  //.  (ar-fl?-to).     Spirited,  bold. 

Aria,  It.  (a-re-a).     Air,  melody. 

Arietta,  It.  (a-re-#-ta).     A  short  aria. 

Ariette,  Fr.  (a-re-et).     A  long  aria. 

Arioso,  It.  (a-re-J-zo).  A  style  betweeen  the  aria  and  reci- 
tative. In  instrumental  music  this  term  has  the  same 
meaning  as  cantabile. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  :  T,  *'//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  I  I 

Arpa,  It.  (aV-pa).     Harp. 

Arpege,  Fr.  (ar-pazh).     Breaking  a  chord. 

Arpeggio,  //.  (ar-pad-je-6).     A  broken  chord. 

Arsis,  Gk.  (a>-sis).     Up-beat. 

As,_Ger.  (as).     The  note  A  flat. 

As  dur,  Ger.  (as  door).     The  key  of  A-flat  major. 

As  moll,  Ger.  (as  moll).     The  key  of  A-flat  minor. 

Assai,  It.  (as-j<i'-e).     Rather,  very. 

Assai  piu,  It.  (as-j-a-e  pe-oo).     Much  more. 

Assez,  Fr.  (as-sa).     Rather. 

A  te"mpo,  It.  (a  tem-po).     In  time. 

A  tre  c6rde,  //.  (a  tra  kdr-Ae).     For  three  strings. 

A  tre  v<5ci,  It.  (a  tra  vo-z\\S).     For  three  voices. 

Attacca,  It.  (at-&f£-ka).    Begin  what  follows  without  pausing. 

Aufgeweckt,  Ger.  (0a/-ga-vekht).     Agitated. 

Aufhalten,  Ger.  (ra/-hal-t'n).     To  suspend. 

Auf  schwung,  Ger.  (<7o^schvoongk).     Soaring  impetuosity. 

Auftritt,  Ger.  (awf-tnt).     Scene. 

Ausdruck,  Ger.  ((nvs-drook).     Expression. 

Aushalten,  Ger.  (ows-ha.\-t'n).     To  sustain. 

Ausstimmen,  Ger.  (<wj-shtim-men).     To  tune  thoroughly. 

Authentic  cadence.     The  dominant  triad  followed  by  the 

tonic. 

Avec,  Fr.  (a-vek).     With. 
A  vide,  Fr.  (a  ved).     Open. 
A  volonte,  Fr.  (a  vo-16n>4-ta).     At  will. 

B.     The  seventh  note  of  the  natural  diatonic  scale.     The 

Germans  call  B,  "  H." 

Bacas,  Sp.  (b'a.-&ds).     Quick  tune  on  the  guitar. 
Badinage,  Fr.  (bad-i-nazA).     Playfulness. 

6,  old ;  6,  odd :  6,  done  :  oo,  moon  :  ft,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


12  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 

Bagatelle,  Fr.  (bag-a-#/).     A  trifle. 

Baguette,  Fr.  (bz-gket).     A  drum-stick.     A  violin-stick. 

Bal,  Fr.  (bal).     Ball. 

BaldamSnte,  It.  (bal-da-w£«-te).     Boldly. 

Bar.     A  vertical  line  dividing  measures  on  the  staff. 

Barytone.     The  male  voice  intermediate  between  bass  and 

tenor.     Also  a  name  given  to  the  euphonium. 
Bass.     The  lowest  male  voice.     The  lowest  part  of  a  musical 

composition.     Also  a  term  used  in  place  of  contra-bass. 
Bass-clef.     F-clef  on  the  fourth  line. 

Basso,  It.  (bds-so).     A  term  used  at  times  in  place  of  bass. 
Basso  cantante,  It.  (bds-so  kan-Ai'«-te).     Vocal  bass. 
Basso  contfnuo,  It.  (i>as-so  kon-#-noo-o).     Thorough  bass. 
Baton.     A  stick  used  by  conductors  in  beating  time. 
Bauernlied,  Ger.  (fow-ern-led).     A  rustic  ballad. 
Beat.     The  motion  of  the  hand  or  foot  in  marking  time. 
Bedeckt,  Ger.  (be-dttt).     Stopped. 
Begleiten,  Ger.  (be-^/f-t'n).     To  accompany. 
Begleitung,  Ger.  (be-^/f-toongk).     An  accompaniment. 
Beispiel,  Ger.  (<$f-spel).     An  example. 
Belebt,  Ger.  (be-lebt).     Animated. 

B£mol,  Fr.  (ba-mol).     A  term  used  to  denote  a  flat  (|>). 
Ben,  It.  (ban).     Well ;  very. 
Berceuse,  Fr.  (ber-siiss).     A  cradle-song. 
Bes,  Ger.  (bes).     The  note  B  double  flat. 
Bestimmt,  Ger.  (bes-tfw*/).     Decided. 
Betont,  Ger.  (be-tont).     Accented. 
Bewegt,  Ger.  (be-vffgt).     Agitated. 
Bien  chante",  Fr.  (beyanA  chan^-ta).     Molto  cantabile. 
Bis,  Lat.  (bis).     Twice. 
Bizzarro,  It.  (bet-foafr-ro).     Fantastical. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end :  T,  ice  ;  I,  /'// ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  13 

Blase-instrume'nte,  Ger.  (£/a-ze-m-stroo-*«/#-te).  Wind  in- 
struments. 

Blech-instrume'nte,  Ger.  (blekh-in-stroo-w/w-te).  Brass  in- 
struments. 

B  mol,  Fr.  (ba  mol).     The  note  B  flat. 

B  moll,  Ger.  (bd  mol).     The  key  of  B-flat  minor. 

Bogen,  Ger.  (M-g'n).     Bow,  slur,  or  tie. 

Bourdonnement,  Fr.  (boor-don-mon^).     Humming,  singing. 

Bourre",  Fr.  (boor-ra).  An  old  dance  of  Spanish  or  French 
origin. 

Brace.     The  sign  j  used  to  connect  two  or  more  staves. 

Branle,  Fr.  (branA-le).     An  old  French  dance  in  4-4  time. 

Bratsche,  Ger.  (£ra-tsche).     The  viola. 

Braut-lied,  Ger.  (&r<nvt-led).     Bridal  song. 

Bravura,  It.  (bra-zw-ra).     Dash,  brilliancy. 

Breit,  Ger.  (brit).     Stately,  slow. 

Breve.  The  longest  note  used  in  modern  music ;  it  is  equal 
to  eight  quarter  beats  or  two  whole  notes.  It  is  written 
_  thus : 


Brillante,  It.  (brel-/a«-te).     Brilliant. 

Brindisi,  It.  (bren-o£-ze).     Drinking-song. 

Brio,  //.  (bre-o).     Spirit,  fire. 

Biiffa,  It.  (boof-t£).     Comic. 

Buona  nota,  It.  (bwo-na  no-ta).     Accented  note. 

Bdrla,  It.  (boor-\3).     A  jest. 

Burle'sco,  //.  (boor-/Jj-k5).     Burlesque. 

C.     The  first  note  of  the  natural  diatonic  scale. 
Cachucha,  Sp.  (ka-fc^w-tcha).     A  popular  Spanish  dance. 

6,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  {French). 


14  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Cadence.     A  close,  an  ending. 

Cade*nza,  It.  (ka-</<?«-tsa).  That  part  of  a  vocal  or  instru- 
mental solo  intended  to  display  the  technical  ability  of 
the  soloist. 

Caisse,  Fr.  (kass).     A  drum. 

Calando,  It.  (ka-/<z>z-d6).     Decreasing. 

Calcando,  //.  (kal-Azw-do).     Increasing. 

Calma,  It.  (£<z/-ma).     Calm. 

Cal6re,  It.  (ka-/<J-re).     Warmth. 

Canon.  A  kind  of  composition  in  which  two  or  more  parts 
take  up  in  succession  the  same  melody  or  subject. 

Cantabile,  It.  (kan-te'-be-le).     In  a  singing  style. 

Cantando,  It.  (kan-&f«-do).     In  a  singing  style. 

Cantile'na, //.  (kan-ti-/<?-na).  A  ballad  or  popular  song.  In 
instrumental  music  the  term  is  used  to  indicate  a  flow- 
ing, song-like  character. 

Canto,  It.  (kdn-to).  Song ;  the  highest  vocal  or  instru- 
mental part. 

Canto  clef.     The  C  clef  when  placed  on  the  first  line. 

Canto  cromatico,  It.  (kdn-io  kro-OTa-te-k5).  Singing  in 
semitones. 

Canto  f^rmo,  It.  (kdn-to  fdr-mo).  A  melody  given  as  a 
subject  for  contrapuntal  treatment. 

Canto  figurato,  It.  (Mn-to  fe-goo -ra-to).     A  figured  melody. 

Canto  fune'bre,  It.  (kdn-to  foo-«d-bre).     A  funeral  song. 

Canto  Gregoriano,  It.  (kdn-io  gre-go-re-i'-no).  The  Grego- 
rian chant. 

Canto  necessario,  It.  (kdn-io  na-ches-j-a-re-o).  A  term  which 
indicates  the  parts  that  are  to  sing  through  the  piece. 

Canto  primo,  It.  (kdn-to  pre-mo).  The  first  treble  or  so- 
prano. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  T,  ice  ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  15 

Cant6r,  //.  (kan-tfr).     A  precentor. 

Cantrice,  It.  (k&n-tre-che).     A  female  singer. 

Cant  us,  Lat.  (Mn-tus).     A  melody. 

Canz6na,  /A  (kaiWj0-na).     Song,  ballad,  canzonet. 

Capelle,  Ger.  (ka-///-le).     An  orchestra. 

Capella  alia,  //.  (kap-///-la  al-la).     In  church  style. 

Capellmeister,  Ger.  (&i'-pel-/»*>ter).  Choir-master;  con- 
ductor of  an  orchestra. 

Capo,  It.  (M-po).     Beginning  or  head. 

Capriccio,  //.  (ka-/r#-che-o).  A  composition  written  in  a 
capricious  style. 

Carezzevdle,  //.  (ka-ret-tsa-z/^-la).     Soothingly. 

Carillon,  Fr.  (ka-re-yon^).     Chime. 

Carita,  It.  (ka-r^-ta).     Feeling. 

Carmen,  Ger.  (Mr-men).     A  song,  a  tune. 

Carol.  A  name  given  to  songs  of  praise,  joy,  and  exulta- 
tion. Of  such  character  are  the  songs  which  celebrate 
Christmas  and  Easter. 

Cassa,  It.  (>£a'.r-sa).     A  bass  drum. 

Cavatina,  It.  (ka-va-^-na).  A  short  song.  The  term  is 
frequently  used  by  opera  composers  to  indicate  a  vocal 
air  of  less  extent  than  the  aria,  and  with  little  or  no 
embellishment. 

Caxa,  Sp.  (kax-a).     A  drum. 

C£dez,  Fr.  (sa-da).     Decrescendo ;  also  to  follow  the  voice. 

Celere,  It.  (cAd-le-ra).     Rapid. 

Celeste,  Fr.  (sa-/£rf).     Celestial,  heavenly. 

Celestina,  //.  (cha-les-/£-na).     An  organ  stop. 

Cento.  A  composition  formed  by  selections  from  one  com- 
poser's works. 

Ces,  Ger.  (tses).     C  t>. 

6,  old ;  o,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  u,  (French}. 


1 6  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Cetra,  It.  (cka-tra).     A  small  harp. 

Chaconne.     An  instrumental  composition  in  i  time  and  slow 

tempo,  usually  founded  on  a  ground  bass. 
Chamade,  Pr.  (sha-»z&/).     Signal  for  a  parley  or  surrender 

by  beat  of  drum. 
Chamber-music.    Vocal  or  instrumental  compositions  whose 

nature  renders  them  more  suitable  for  performance  in  a 

room  or  small  hall  than  in  halls  of  large  dimension. 

Under  this  head  are  placed  sonatas  for  one  or  more 

instruments,  songs,  string-quartets,  etc. 
Chanson,  Fr.  (shan/fc-son/fc).     A  song. 
Chansonnette,  Fr.  (shan/fc-son-«#).     A  short  song. 
Chant  de  noel,  Fr.  (shanb  diih  no-el).     A  Christmas  carol. 
Characterstucke,   Ger.  (^a-rac-ter-shtiick-e).     A  name  given 

to   short   instrumental   compositions   of  a  descriptive 

style. 

Chef,  Fr.  (shef).     Chief. 
Chest-register.     The  lower  register  of  the  voice. 

Chest  tones,  i  „, 

>  i  he  lowest  register  of  the  voice. 
Chest  voice.  j 

Chest,  wind.     A  reservoir  in  an  organ  for  holding  air. 

Chiaro,  It.  (ke-a-ro).     Clear,  brilliant  tone. 

Chiave,  It.  (ke-a-va).     A  clef,  or  key. 

Chevrotement,  Fr.  (she-vrot-monA).  A  tremor  or  shake  in 
singing. 

Choeur,  Fr.  (kuhr).     Choir,  chorus. 

Chor,  Ger.  (k5r).     Chorus. 

Choral.  An  early  German  Protestant  church  hymn-tune,  or 
a  hymn-tune  of  that  style. 

Chord.  Two  or  more  tones  of  different  pitch  united  accord- 
ing to  the  laws  of  harmony. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  &,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  I/ 

Chorus.  A  body  of  singers ;  also  a  composition  written  for 
them. 

Chroma,  Gr.  (kro-ma).     The  chromatic  signs. 

Chromatic.  Proceeding  by  semitones ;  also  relating  to 
those  tones  that  are  foreign  to  a  given  key. 

Cinq,  Fr.  (sanAk).     Five. 

Cinque-pace.     An  old  dance  having  a  five-step  movement. 

Cis,  Ger.  (tsls).     C  1 

Clams,  Lat.  (/£/a'-rus).     Loud,  clear,  bright. 

Clave,  Lat.  (£/a-ve).     A  key ;  a  cleft. 

Clavier,  Ger.  (klay^r).     The  pianoforte. 

Clavis,  Lat.  (£/<z-vis).     A  key ;  a  clef. 

Clef.  A  character  placed  at  the  head  of  the  staff  to  indi- 
cate the  position  of  one  note,  and  thereby  that  of  the 
remaining  notes. 

C  major.  The  diatonic  scale,  or  key  of  C,  without  flats  or 
sharps. 

C  minor.  The  diatonic  scale,  or  key  of  C,  with  the  third 
and  sixth  flatted. 

C  moll,  Ger.  (tsa  moll).     The  key  of  C  minor. 

C  natural.     C  without  flat  or  sharp. 

C6da,  It.  (fe^da).  A  few  measures  added  to  the  end  of  a 
piece  of  music. 

C6da  brillante,  It.  (ko-fa.  brel-/a«-te).  A  brilliant  termina- 
tion. 

Col,  It.  (koll).     With  the. 

Col  basso,  //.  (k51  &zj-so).     With  the  bass. 

Col  canto,  It,  (k81  kdn-io).     With  the  melody  or  voice. 

Colla  sinistra,  //.  (kol-la  se-««-tra).     With  the  left  hand. 

Colla  v6ce,  It.  (kol-la  vo-che).  With  the  voice.  The  ac- 
companist to  take  the  time  from  the  singer. 

5,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French). 


I  8  PRONOUNCIATG   DICTIONARY 

Coll'  Ottdva,  //.  (kol-1'  dt-Az-va).     To  be  played  in  octaves. 

Coloratura,  It.  (ko-15-ra-/^-ra).  Runs,  passages,  trills,  add- 
ing brilliancy  to  a  vocal  or  instrumental  composi- 
tion. 

C6me,  It.  (/£J-me).     As,  like. 

C6me  prima,  It.  (ko-mz  pre-ma).     As  at  first. 

C6me  supra,  It.  (/£J-me  j<?-pra).     As  above. 

C6me  sta,  //.  (ko-me  sta).  As  it  stands.  Perform  exactly 
as  written. 

Common  time.     Double  or  quadruple  time. 

Common  turn.  A  turn  consisting  of  a  principal  note,  the 
note  above  it,  and  the  note  below. 

Compass.  The  range  of  notes  of  which  any  voice  or  instru- 
ment is  capable. 

Complesso,  It.  (kom-//Jj-so).  A  term  applied  to  a  chord 
which  is  complete. 

Compound  intervals.  Those  which  exceed  the  extent  of  an 
octave. 

Con,  It.  (k5n).     With. 

Con  aband6no,  //.  (kon  a-ban-</<?-no).  With  passion,  with 
ardent  feeling. 

Con  animo,  //.  (kon  a«-e-mo).     With  animation. 

Concento,  It.  (kon-cAdn-to).  Concord.  Harmony  of  voices 
and  instruments. 

Concerted  music.  Compositions  written  for  several  voices 
or  instruments. 

Concert-master.     The  leading  first  violinist  of  an  orchestra. 

Concerto.  A  composition  of  length  for  a  solo  instrument 
with  orchestral  accompaniment,  generally  in  symphonic 
form,  but  with  three  movements. 

Concertstuck,  Ger.  (k8n-ta»irf-shtiik).     A  concert-piece. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  T,  ice  ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  19 

Concomitant  sounds.     Accessory  sounds. 

Conductor.  One  who  drills  and  conducts  an  orchestra  or 
chorus. 

Consolante,  It.  (kon-s5-/aw-te).     Consoling. 

Contera,  Sp.  (kon-ta-ra).     Prelude. 

Contra  bass.     A  double  bass. 

Contralto.  (See  Alto.)  In  Germany  the  term  is  some- 
times used  to  indicate  the  lower  alto  voice. 

Cor,   Fr.  (kor).     A  horn. 

C6rchea,  Sp.  (/£<*r-ka-a).     A  crotchet. 

C6rda,  It.  (Mr-da.).    A  string. 

C6rno,  It.  (kdr-no).     A  horn. 

C6ro,  It.  (ko-ro).     Chorus. 

Counterpoint.  The  art  of  combining  two  or  more  melodies 
according  to  the  laws  which  govern  polyphonic  com- 
position. 

Counter  tenor.     High  tenor.     The  highest  male  voice. 

Crescendo,  //.  (kre-j^Jw-d5).  Increasing  the  volume  of 
sound. 

Cr6mmo,  It.  (krom-mo).     A  choral  dirge. 

Crotchet.     A  quarter-note. 

Cue.  Music  inserted  in  small  notes  just  before  the  entrance 
of  a  voice  or  instrument  in  concerted  music  to  suggest 
the  entrance  of  that  part. 

Cum  cantu,  Lat.  (kum  Mn-tu).     With  song. 

D.     The  second  note  of  the  natural  diatonic  scale. 
Da,  It.  (da).     By,  for,  from,  of. 
Da  capo,  It.  (da  ta-po).     From  the  beginning. 
Da  capo  al  fine,  It.  (da  M-po  al  /<?-ne).     From  the  begin- 
ning to  the  end. 

6,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


2O  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Da  capo  al  se'gno,  It.  (da-&i'-po  al  sdn-yo).  From  the  begin- 
ning to  the  sign  :g;. 

Da  capo  senza  repetizi6ne,  It.  (da  kd-^po  san-tsa 
ra-pa-te-tse-J-ne).  From  the  beginning  without  repeti- 
tion. 

Dagli,  It.  (dal-ye). 

Dai,  It.  (da-e). 

Dal,  It.  (dal). 

DalP,  It.  (dall').       ^  To  the,  by  the,  from  the,  for  the. 

Dalla,  It. 

Dalle,  It. 

Dallo,  It.  (dal-\o).  _ 

Dal  se'gno,  It.  (dal  sdn-yo).    From  the  sign  ;g:.    (See  Segno.) 

Dampfer,  Ger.  (ddm-pter).     A  damper,  or  mute. 

Da  scherzo,  It.  (da  skdrt-so).     Lively,  playful. 

Decdnto,  Lat.  (da-&z#-to).     To  sing,  to  chant. 

D&ide",  Fr.  (da-^-da).     Decided. 

Deciso,  It.  (da.-cAe-zo).     Decided,  energetic. 

Declamando,  It.  (dek-1'a.-mdn-do).     In  declamatory  style. 

Decompose",  Fr.  (da-k8m-/<?-za).     Disconnected. 

Decresce'ndo,  It.  (da-kre-j^Jw-do).  Decreasing  the  volume 
of  sound. 

Deficie'ndo,  It.  (da-fe-che-<f«-d5).     Dying  away. 

Degli,  //.  (dal-ye).     Of  the;  than  the. 

Degree.      Any  tone  of  a  major  or  minor  scale. 

Dei,  It.  (da-e).     Of  the;  than  the. 

Del',  It.  (dal).        "I 

Dell',  It.  (dall'). 

Delia,  It.  (ddl-\a.).  i>  Of  the;  than  the. 

Delle,  It.  (ddl-\e). 

Dello,  It.  (ddl-\o).  J 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  &,  care ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  T,  ice  ;  T,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  21 

Deliberate,  It.  (de-le-ba-ra-to).     Deliberate. 

Delicate,  It.  (del-e-&z-t6).     In  a  delicate  style. 

Delirfo,  //.  (de-/£-re-o).     Frenzy. 

Deliziosame'nte,    //.     (de-le-tse-6-za-/w<f«-te).      Deliciously, 

sweetly. 

Demi,  Fr.  (de-me).     Half. 
Depression.     The  lowering  of  a  tone. 
Des,  Ger.  (des).     D  b. 

DesideYio,  It.  (da-se-o^-re-o).     Desire,  longing. 
D&tO,  It.  (das-id).     Sprightly. 
Destra,  It.  (^fj-tra).     Right. 
Detach^,  Fr.  (da-ta-sha).     Detached,  staccato. 
Deux,  Fr.  (dii).     Two. 

Dev6to,  //.  (da-z>J-to).     In  a  devotional  style. 
Deztra,  Lot.  (dex-tra.).     Right. 
Di,  It.  (de).     Of,  from,  to. 
Diatonic.     A  term  used  to  describe  the  tones  of  the  major 

or  minor  scale. 

Di  chiaro,  It.  (de  ke-a-ro).     Clearly. 
Di  c6lto,  It.  (de  kol-to).     At  once. 
Difficile,  It.  (defy?-che-le).     Difficult. 
Di  gala,  It.  (de  ^vi'-la).     Merrily. 
Dilue'ndo,  It.  (de-loo-J«-d5).     Dying  away. 
Diminuendo,  It.  (de-me-noo-^«-do).     Diminishing  in  loud 

ness. 

Di  nu6vo,  It.  (de  noo-J-v5).     Again,  anew. 
Dis,  Ger.  (dez).     D  1 
Discant.     The  treble  or  soprano  voice. 
Disinv61to,  It.  (dez-en-z»J/-to).     Free,  graceful. 
Distinto,  //.  (des-^«-t5).     Distinct. 
Divisi,  It.  (de-w-ze).     Divided. 

6,  old;  o,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


22  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Div6to,  It.  (de-3w-toj.     Devoutly. 

Do.     The  Italian  name  for  C.      It  is  also  the  name  of  the 

first  degree  of  any  scale. 
D61ce,  It.  (atf/-che).     Sweet,  soft. 
Dole"nte,  It.  (do-/<?*<-te).     Plaintivt,  sad, 
Dol6re,  //.  (do-/J-re).     Grief. 
Dolor6so,  It.  (do-lo-r<?-z6).     Sorrowful. 
Dominant.     The  fifth  note  in  the  scale. 
Donner  une  serenade,    Fr.    (don-na    un    ser-en-&/).      To 

serenade. 

D6pO,  It.  (do-po).     After. 
Doppel,  Ger.  (a^-p'l).     Double. 
Doppio,  //.  (o^-pe-6).     Double. 
D6ppio  movime'nto,  //.  (o^-pe-o  mo-ve-/w<f«-to).     T\\ice  as 

fast. 

Double.     An  obsolete  term  for  variation. 
Doucement,  Fr.  (doos-ma.nh).     Gently,  softly. 
Doux,  Fr.  (doo).     Gentle,  soft. 
Doux  mais   soutenu,   Fr.    (doo    ma   .nw-te-nti).      Soft    but 

sustained. 

Drangend,  Ger.  (drdn-gend).     Hurrying,  hastening. 
Drei,  Ger.  (dri).     Three. 

Dreiklang,  Ger.  (</rf-klang).     Three  tones,  a  triad. 
Dreist,  Ger.  (drist).     Bold. 
Dreigstigkeit,  Ger.  (</r£r-tig-kit).     Boldness. 
Dreistimmig,    Ger.    (</rw-tim-mig).      For    three    parts,   or 

voices. 

Drohne,  Ger.  (dro-ne).     A  heavy  tone.     A  drone. 
Droit  (c),  Fr.  (drwa).     Right. 
Due,  It.  (doo-e).     Two. 
Dulcet.     Soft. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  T,  ice ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  23 

Dumph,  Ger.  (doomph).     Of  a  dull,  hollow  sound. 

Duolo,  It.  (dwo-\o).     Sadness,  melancholy. 

Duple.     Double. 

Double  rhythm.     Rhythm  of  two  beats  to  a  measure. 

Dur,  Ger.  (door).     Major. 

Durdle,  It.  (doo-ra-le).     Harsh. 

Durame'nte,  //.  (doo-ra-/«<?«-te).     Harshly. 

Durch,  Ger.  (doorkh).     Through. 

Durchfuhrung,  Ger.  (</<:wM-fu-roongk).     The  development 

of  a  theme. 

Duster,  Ger.  (diis-ter).     Gloomy. 
Dux,  Lot.  (dux).     The  subject  or  theme  of  a  fugue. 

E.     The  third  tone  in  the  natural  diatonic  scale. 
E,  It.     And. 

Ebollime'nto,  It.  (a-b61-le-7w<f«-to).      A  sudden  and  impas- 
sioned display  of  emotion. 

Eccheggiante,  It.  (ek-kad-je-o«-te).     Echoing,  resounding. 
Eclat,  Fr.  (a.-kla).     Same  as  Brio. 
Ed,  It.  (ad).     And. 

Egalite",  Fr.  (ji-gal-e-ta).     Evenness,  smoothness. 
Eilen,  Ger.  (M'n).     To  hasten. 
Eilig,  Ger.  (T-lig).     In  a  hurried  style. 
Ein,  Eins,  Ger.  (in,  Ins).     One. 
Einfach,  Ger.  (f«-fakh).     Simple. 
Einhalten,  Ger.  (fw-hal-t'n).    To  pause. 
Einleitung,  Ger.  (f«-li-toongk).     Introduction. 
Einschlafen,  Ger.  (f«-shla-f n).     To  die  away. 
Eis,  Ger.  (is).     E  1 

Elegante,  Fr.  and  It.  (el-a-^aw-te).     Elegant,  graceful. 
Eleganza,  It.  (el-a£a«-tsa).     Elegance. 

6,  old ;  8,  odd  ;  6,  done ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French), 


24  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Elego,  Sp.  (el-<?-go).     Plaintive. 

Elevate,  It.  (el-e-z/a-to).     Lofty,  sublime. 

Emeiillonne',  Fr.  (a-ma-ril-j/^w-na).     Brisk,  lively. 

Empater  les  sons,  Fr.  (an^-pa-ta  la  sonA).  To  produce  a 
very  smooth  and  suave  legato. 

Empfindungsvoll,  Ger.  (empyVtt-doongs-fol).  With  emo- 
tion. 

Emphatique,  Fr.  (a.nA-fa.-te&).     Emphatic. 

Emporte",  Fr.  (an>£-por-ta).     Carried  away  by  feeling. 

Empress^,  Fr.  (anA-pres-sa).     Eager,  in  haste. 

En  elargissant,  Fr.  (an  a-lar-zhis-sanA).    Same  as  allargando. 

Eneigia,  //.  (en-^r-je-a).     Energy. 

Eneigico,  ft.  (en-<fr-je-ko).     Vigorous. 

Enfasi,  //.  (en^'-ze).     Emphatic. 

Enfler,  Fr.  (UnA-fld).     To  increase  the  tone. 

Engfuhrung,  Ger.  (eng^^-roongk).     The  stretto  in  a  fugue. 

Enharmonic.  A  term  used  to  indicate  a  change  in  name, 
but  not  in  pitch  of  any  tone,  interval,  chord,  or  scale. 
Thus,  for  example,  the  note  C  may  be  named  B  9  or 
Dbb. 

Enjoue',  Fr.  (an^-zhoo-a).     Cheerful,  gay. 

Ensemble  music.  Concerted  music.  Music  intended  for 
more  thansone  performer. 

En  serrant,  Fr.  (anA  ser-ranA).     Pressing. 

Entr'acte,  Fr.  (an^-tr'  akt).  Music  intended  for  perform- 
ance between  the  acts  of  an  opera  or  play. 

Entschlafen,  Ger.  (ent-j^/a-fn).     Diminuendo. 

Entschlossen,  Ger.  (ent-j^/Jj-s'n).    In  a  determined  manner. 

En  voz,  Sp.  (en  voth).     In  voice. 

E  poi,  It.  fe  p5-e).     And  then. 

Equabile,  //.  (e-^«a-be-le).     Equal,  smooth. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  ///; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  2$ 

Erfreulich,  Ger.  (er-froi-likA).     Joyful. 
Ergriffen,  Ger.  (er-^r^-f  n).     Affected,  stirred. 
Erhaben,  Ger.  (er-^a-b'n).     Lofty,  sublime. 
Ermunterung,  Ger.  (er-*w0<w-te-roongk).     Animation. 
Ernst,  Ger.  (ernst).     Earnest,  serious,  grave. 
Erdico,  It.  (er-J-i-ko).     Heroic. 
Erotic.     Amatory.     A  love-song. 
Erst,  Ger.  (erst).     First. 
Ersterben,  Ger.  (er-j^#r-b'n.)     To  die  away. 
Erweckung,  Ger.  (er-z/<?£-oongk).     Awakening,  animation. 
Es,  Ger.  (az).     E^. 
Esatto,  It.  (ez-a'Ato).     Exact,  true. 
Esempio,  It.  (eW/»-pe-6).     Example. 
Eses,  Ger.  (az-az).     E^. 
Esitam^nto,  It.  (ez-e-ta-*»<?«-to).     Hesitation. 
Esonare,  It.  (ez-or-«a-re).     To  adorn. 
Espirando,  It.  (es-pe-ra«-do).     Expiring,  dying  away. 
Espressi6ne,  It.  (es-pras-se-J-ne).     Expression. 
Espressivo,  It.  (es-pras-^-vo).     Expressive. 
Estinguendo,  It.  (es-ten-£«J«-d6).     Dying  away. 
Estlnto,  It.  (es-#«-to).     Hardly  audible. 
Estrincie'ndo,  //.    (es-tren-che-J«-do).    Playing  with  decis- 
ion. 

Estrini^nda,  It.  (es-tre-ne-<f»-da).     Very  legato. 
Et,  Lat.  and  Fr.     And. 
Eteinte,  Fr.  (a-tan^t).     Died  away. 
Etendre,  Fr.  (a-tanAdr).     To  extend. 
Etouffe",  Fr.  (a-toof-fa).     Stifled,  muffled. 
Etwas,  Ger.  (//-vas).     Somewhat,  rather. 
Eutimia,  It.  (yoo-^-me-a).     Vivacity. 

Eveill^,  Fr.  (a-va-ya).     Lively. 

t 
6,  old  ;  o,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


26  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Exposition.     Development. 

Expressif  ,  Fr.  (ex-pres-j^/").     Expressive. 

F.     The  fourth  tone  in  the  natural  diatonic  scale. 

Fa.     The  syllable  used  for  the  note  F  in  the  "  fixed  do  ' 

system  of  notation  ;  it  is  also  the  name  of  the  fourth 

degree  of  the  diatonic  scale. 
Fabe'lla,  Lat.  (fa-<W-la).     An  interlude. 
Facile,    Fr.  (i'i-sel)  and  It.  (fa-<r/^-le).     Easy. 
Facilita,  ft.  (fa-chel-e-ta).    ) 
Facilit^,  Fr.   (fa-se-le-Af).  J 


Faible,  Fr.  (/?-bl).     Weak. 

Faire,  Fr.  (far).     To  execute. 

Falsetto,  It.  (fal-j//-to).     The  highest  register  of  a  voice. 

Fanfare.  A  flourish  of  trumpets  or  a  trumpet-call.  The 
term  is  also  used  as  the  title  of  an  instrumental  com- 
position composed  in  the  style  of  the  above. 

Fantastico.  It.  (fan-&'j-te-ko).     )  _ 

f   Fantastic.     In  a  fantastic 
Fastastique.  Fr.  (fan-tas-#£).     > 

%   \       manner. 
Fantastisch,  Ger.  (fan-&w-tish).  ' 

Farandole,  Fr.  (fa.-ra.nA-  Jo/).     A  lively  dance  of   Southern 

France  in  6-8  time. 
Fastdso,  It.  (fas-/J-zo).     Pompous. 
Feier,  Ger.  (ft-er).     Festival. 

Feier-gesang,  Ger.  (Jt-ei-ghe-sdngA).     Festival  hymn. 
Feierlich,  Ger.  (  /V-er-likh).     Festive,  solemn. 
Fein,  Ger.  (fin).     Delicate,  refined. 
Fermame'nte,  It.  (far-ma-wzdw-te).     With  firmness. 
Fermata,  It.  (far-wza-tay.     A  pause,  hold,  interruption. 
F6rmo,  //.  (fdr-mo).     Firm,  decided. 
Fer6ce,  //.  (fa-rJ-che).     Wild,  fierce. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  i,  ice  ;  I,  ill  ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  2/ 

Fervente,  It.  (far-#<?»-te).     Fervent,  passionate. 

Fes,  Ger.  (fes).     Fb. 

Fest,  Ger.  (fest).     A  festival. 

Feste,  Ger.  (/fc-te).  1 

Festigkeit,  Ger.  (yZMlg-klt).  ) 

Festiglich,  GVr.  (//j-tlg-likh).     Firmly. 

Festlich,  Ger.  (_/2rMikh).     Solemn. 

Festlichkeit,  Ger.  (/£rf-likh-kit).     Solemnity. 

Feuer,  6Vr.  (yb»-er).     Fire,  passion. 

Fidcco,  /£  (fe-<z/£-ko).     Languishing. 

Fiducia,  /A  (fe-^^-che-a).     Boldness. 

Fier,  Fr.  (fi-ar).     Proud,  haughty. 

Fiero,  It.  (fe-J-ro).     Wild,  fierce. 

Fifth.     An  interval  containing  five  degrees. 

FigurA,  It.  (fe-goo-ra).     A  motive;  a  group  of  notes. 

Figurate  counterpoint,  It.  (fe-goo-ra-ti).  Counterpoint  con- 
sisting of  somewhat  rapid  phrases  or  figures  containing 
changing  and  passing  notes. 

Fin,  Fr.  (fan^).     End,  close. 

Finale,  It.  (fe-wa-le).  Last  movement  of  a  vocal  or  instru- 
mental composition ;  also  the  closing  number  of  an  act 
in  an  opera. 

Fine,  It.  (/?-ne).     End,  close. 

Fino,  //.  (y^-no).     Till,  up  to,  as  far  as. 

Flnqui,  It.  (fen-que).     To  this  place. 

Fioche"tto,  //.  (fe-5-&»-t6).     Faint,  veiled. 

FiorltO,  It.  (fe-6-r^-to).     Florid,  embellished. 

Fis,  Ger.  (is).     F  $. 

Fistel,  Ger.  (/&-t'l).     Feigned  voice.     Falsetto. 

Flat.  A  character  (k)  which  when  placed  before  a  note 
lowers  it  a  half-tone. 

6,  old ;  5,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  U,  (French), 


28  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 


,  //.  (/&?-be-le).     Mournful. 
Flessibile,  It.  (fles-j^-be-le).     Flexible. 
F16reo,  Sp.  (yfJ-ra-o).     A  flourish. 
Florid.     A  term  given  to  music  embellished  with  figures, 

runs,  etc. 

Fliichtig,  Ger.  (fltikh-tig).     Lightly,  hastily. 
Fluted,  Fr.  (yf«-ta).     Soft,  sweet. 
F6co,  It.  (/<J-k5).     Fire,  ardor. 
Focosissimo,  //.  (f6-k6-z£r-se-m6).     Very  ardently. 
Fois,  Fr.  (fwa).     Time. 
Folatre,  Fr.  (io-latr).     Playful,  lively. 
F6rte,  It.  (for-te).     Loud. 

Forte  possibile,  //.  (for-te  p6s-j<?-be-le).    As  loud  as  possible. 
Fortezza,  It.  (f5r-/3/-za).     Force. 
Fortissimo,  It.  (for-ter-se-mo).     Very  loud. 
F6rtsingen,  Ger.  (/0r/-sing-en).     To  continue  singing. 
F6rza,  It.  (/<?r-tsa).     Force. 
Forzando,  It.  (for-tsdn-dd).     A  term  used  when  a  note  or 

chord  is  to  be  strongly  accented. 
For  z  are,  It.  (for-tsa-re).     To  strengthen. 
Fourth.     An  interval  containing  four  degrees. 
Franche"zza,  It.  (fran-&?/f-za).     Confidence,  freedom. 
Fred6nner,  Fr.  (fra-atf«-na).     To  triU,  to  shake. 
Frei,  Ger.  (in).     Free. 

Frescame'nte,  //.  (fres-ka-wJ«-te).     Vigorously. 
Fresco,  It.  (fres-Vio).     Vigorous. 
Frdtta,  It.  (frM-ta.).     Haste,  speed. 
Freude,  Ger.  (/roy-de).     Joy. 

Freudengesang,  Ger.  (/r0y-d'n-ge-sdng&).     Song  of  joy. 
Freudig,  Ger.  (froy-dlg).     Joyful 
Frisch,  Ger.  (frish).     Lively,  vigorous. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  !,  ice  ;  i,  *'//  ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  2Q 

Frlvolo,  It.  (fre-vo-\o).     Frivolous,  trifling. 
Frb'hlich,  Ger.  (/r^-llkh).     Joyous,  gay. 
Funebre,  Fr.  (fu-n/dr).     Funereal,  mournful. 
Funf-stimmig,  Ger.  (funf-shtim-mig).     For  five  parts. 
Fu6co,  It.  (foo-J-ko).     Fire,  spirit. 
Furia,  It.  (foo-rz-a.).     Fury,  passion. 

Furib6ndo,  It.  (foo-re-&7«-do).  |  _ 

'     .  _  _.  (  r  unous,  passionate. 

Funoso,  It.  (foo-re-0-zo). 

Fur6re,  ft.  (foo-rJ-re).     Fury,  passion,  vehemence. 
Fusa,  Lat.  (yw-sa).     A  quaver. 
Fuss,  Ger.  (foos).     Foot. 

G.     The  fifth  tone  in  the  natural  diatonic  scale. 

Gaglidrdo,  It.  (gal-ye-a>-do).     Gay,  brisk. 

Gai,  Fr.  (ga).     Lively,  gay. 

Gajame'nte,  It.  (ga-ya-/«#«-te).     Gaily,  cheerfully. 

Galante,  Fr.  (ga-lan^)  and  It.  (ga-/a»-te).     Graceful. 

Galanterstyl,  Ger.  (ga-/a«^-er-shtel).    Free  style;  ideal  style. 

Gamut.     A  scale,  or  staff ;  also  an  old  English  term  for  the 

key  of  G. 

Ganz,  Ger.  (gants).     Whole,  entire ;  also,  all,  very. 
Ganz  langsam,  Ger.  (gants  lang-sa.m).     Very  slowly. 
Ganze  note,  Ger.  (^a'w-tse  wo-te).     A  whole  note. 
Garbatamente,  It.  (gar-ba-ta-wzJ«-te).     Gracefully. 
Gargdntear,  Sp.  (gar-^aw-te-ar).     To  quaver;  to  warble. 
Gauche,  Fr.  (gozh).     Left. 
Gaudlnte,  It.  (ga-oo-</«f«-te).  ) 
Gaudi6so,  It.  (ga-oo-de-J-z5).  ) 
Gayme'nte,  Sp.  (ghe-mdn-te).     Gaily,  lively. 
G-clef.     The  character  used  to   fix  the  position  of   one 

lined  G  on  the  staff ;  also  called  treble-clef. 

o,  old ;  5,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French}. 


30  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Gebr6chen,  Ger.  (ghe-^^J-kh'n).     Broken,  arpeggioed. 
Gebr6chene  akk6rde,  Ger.  (ghe-£rJ-kh'n  ak-^Jr-de).     Broken 

chords. 

Gebunden,  Ger.  (ghe-&w«-d'n).     Tied,  legato. 
Gedampft,  Ger.  (ga£-ddmpff).     Muted. 
Gefallen,  Ger.  (ghe^2/-'n).     Pleasure,  liking. 
Gefallig,  Ger.  (ghe/a/-lig).     Graceful. 
Gefuhl,  Ger.  (ghe-fiM).     Emotion,  expression. 
Gehalten,  Ger.  (ghe-/*a/-t'n).     Held,  sustained. 
G£hend,  Ger.  (^vf-end).     Andante. 
Gelassen,  Ger.  (ghe-/a'j-s'n).     Calm. 
Gelaufig,  Ger.  (ghe-Ay-fig).     Fluent. 

Gelaufigkeit,  Ger.  (ghe-Ay-fig-kit).  Celerity,  fluency, velocity. 
Gemachsam,  Ger.  (ghe-md&A-sam).  )    Comfortable,  easy- 
Gemachlich,  Ger.  (ghe-ma&A-Hkh).  )       going. 
Gemahlig,  Ger.  (ghe-;w<?-lig).     By  degrees. 
Gemassigt,  Ger.  (ghe-wd'j-sigt).     Moderate. 
Gemuth,  Ger.  (ghe-miit).     Soul,  feeling. 
Gemuthlich,  Ger.  (ghe-w«^-likh).     Expressive. 
Gener6so,  It.  (ja-ne-rJ-zo).     Noble,  dignified. 
Gentil.  Fr.  (zhan^-tel).  )    _ 
Gentfle,  It.  (jen-^-le).    \  GraCeful 

Gerdde  taktart,  Ger.  (ghe-^<i-de  tdkt-a.ri).    Common  time. 
Geriesel,  Ger.  (ghe-r^-z'l).     A  soft,  murmuring  sound. 
Ges,  Ger.  (ghes).     Gb. 
Gesang,    Ger.   (ghe-ja«^).      Art  of  singing;   song,  hymn, 

melody,  air. 

Geschick,  Ger.  (ghe-sAM).     Skill,  dexterity. 
Geschleift,  Ger.  (ghe-j/4/y?).     Slurred,  legato. 
Geschwind,  Ger.  (ghe-sAvfnd).     Rapid,  swift. 
Gesteigert,  Ger.  (ge-j^A"-ghert).     Crescendo. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  T,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  31 

Getheilt,  Ger.  (ghe-«#).  ) 

Geteilte,  Ger.  <ghW»).  I 

Getrdgcn   Ckr  (ghe-^-g'n).  J 

Gezogen,  6Vr.  (get-eo-g'n). 

Getrost,  Ger.  (ghe-trost).     Confidently. 

Gioche'vole,  //.  (je-6-&?-v6-le).     Playfully. 

Giocolarme'nte,  It.  (je-5-ko-lar-»w«-te).     Merrily. 

Giocondame'nte,  It.  (je-o-k6n-da-»/J«-te).     Joyfully,  gaily. 

Giocdndo,  //.  (je-6-£<?«-d6).     Gay. 

Gioc6so,  It.  (iz-o-ko-zo).     Playful. 

Gi6ja,  It.  (je-J-ya).     Joy. 

Gioviale,  //.  (je-6-ve-a-le).     Jovial,  cheerful. 

Gis,  Ger.  (ghls).     Gl. 

Giubil6so,  It.  (joo-be-/^zo).     Jubilant. 

Giuocante,  It.  (joo-5-&z'«-te).     Playful. 

Giusto,  It.  (joos-to).  Suitable,  strict,  (tempo-giusto),  exact 
Allegro  giusto,  moderately  fast. 

Giust^zza,  It.  (joos-6?/-sa).     Precision. 

Glatt,  Ger.  (glat).     Smooth,  even. 

Gleich,  Ger.  (gllkh).     Alike,  equal. 

Gleichstimmig,  Ger.  (^/f^^-shtim-mig).     Harmonious. 

Gleiten,  Ger.  (glt-t'n).     To  glide. 

Glissdndo,  //.  (gles-jaw-do).     Gliding. 

G16sa,  Sp.  (glo-za.).     A  variation. 

Gorg6ggio,  //.  (gor-^<f</-je-o).     A  trill,  a  shake,  in  singing. 

Gout,  Fr.  (goo).     Taste,  style. 

Grace.  An  embellishment  not  essential  to  the  melodic  or 
harmonic  structure  of  a  composition.  The  long  appog- 
giatura  is  an  exception ;  it  was  written  as  a  small 
(grace)  note  in  order  to  evade  the  rule  against  the  use 
of  unprepared  dissonances. 

6,  old  ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  out ;  ii,  (French}. 


32  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Gracieux.  Fr.  (e-rd-si-uh).  ) 

„  t  •,      r    ,     ••   u-1-/   l    Graceful. 

Gracile,  It.  (^ra-che-le).    ) 

Gradualme'nte,  It.  (gra.-doo-a.\-mdn-tS).  \   r 

_     ,     „  '    „   ,    „     ..    ,,      \  Gradually. 

Graduellement,  Pr.  (gra.-d'wel-ma.n&).     ) 

Grand,  Fr.  (gran^).     Large,  great. 

Granddzza,  It.  (gran-^f^-sa).     Dignity,  grandeur. 

Grandi6so,  It.  (gran-de-J-zo).     Grand,  majestic. 

Grdn  gusto,  It.  (gran  goos-to).     Lofty,  elevated. 

Grati6so,  It.  (gra-te-J-zo).     Grazioso. 

Grave,  Fr.   (grav)   and  //.   (gra-ve).      One  of  the  slowest 

Tempos.     A  term  used  to  denote  a  slow  and  serious 

movement. 

Gravisonante,  It.  (gra-ve-zo-wa'w-te).     Loud  sounding. 
Grazia,  It.  (,§ro-tse-a).     Grace. 
Grazi6so,  It.  (gra-tse-J-zo).     Graceful. 
Greater.     Major. 
Grell,  Ger.  (grell).     Shrill,  acute. 
Grob,  Ger.  (grob).     Low  voice,  bass. 
Gross,  Ger.  (gros).     Great,  grand,  major. 
Grupp6tto,  It.  (grup-/#-to).   At  the  present  time  this  term  is 

given  to  the  turn  and  various  groups  of  grace-notes. 
Guerrie'ro,  It.  (gwer-re-J-ro).     Martial. 
Gunst,  Ger.  (goonst).     Tenderness. 
Gusto,  It.  (goos-to).     Taste. 

H.  Ger.     The  note  B. 

Hallen,  Ger.  (kal-Yri).     To  sound,  to  clang. 

Halt,  Ger.  (halt).     A  hold  (/r\). 

Hardiment,  Fr.  (Mr-di-man/i).     Boldly. 

Harm6nieux,  Fr.  (har-mo-rii-u&).     Harmonious. 

Harmdnisch,  Ger.  (har-/wJ-msh).     Harmonic. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  *'//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  33 

Harmony.  The  art  of  combining  tones  of  different  pitch, 
and  the  placing  in  their  correct  position  and  relation  of 
the  chords  so  formed, 

Hart,  Ger.  (hart).     Hard,  major. 

Hart-klinfend,  Ger.  (hiirt-kltng-zvvS).     Harsh. 

Hate,  Fr.  (hat).     Haste,  speed. 

Haupt,  Ger.  (howpt).     Head,  chief,  principal. 

Haut,  Fr.  (h5).     High,  acute. 

Head  voice.     The  upper  register  of  the  voice. 

He"ftig,  Ger.  (A/f-tig).     Passionate,  violent. 

Heimlich,  Ger.  (Atm-Hkh).     Mysterious. 

Heiss,  Ger.  (hiss).     Ardent. 

Heiter,  Ger.  (^f-ter).     Serene,  cheerful. 

Hell,  Ger.  (hel).     Clear,  bright. 

Helle  stimme,  Ger.  (^//-le  sAt?m-n£).     A  clear  voice. 

Heraufgehen,  Ger.  (har-0w//"-ga'n).     To  ascend. 

Heroic.     Grand,  noble,  bold. 

Herv6rgeh6ben,  Ger.  (har^or-ghe-^-b'n).  Brought  into 
prominence. 


Herv6rhe1>end,  Ger.  (htryjr-^-bend).  )  Bringing  into  prom- 

Hervdrtretend,  Ger.  (har^r-tre-tend).  )          inence. 

Herzig,  Ger.  (Atrt-zig).        1 

Herzlich,  Gtr.  (Aerts-\ikh).  } 

Hirtlich,  Ger.  (h!rt-\\\sh).     Pastoral. 

His,  Ger.  (his).     B*. 

Hoch,  Ger.  (hokh).     High,  acute. 

Hochfeierlich,  Ger.  (Ao&A-ft-er-likb).     Very  solemn. 

H6chmuth,    Ger.  (hoJik-moot).     Pride,  dignity. 

Hdhe,  Ger.  (^<$-he).     High  pitch;  high  register. 

H6heit,  Ger.  (Ao-tiit).     Dignity. 

Hold.     The  character  /r\  placed  over  or  under  a  note  indi- 

6,  old  ;  o,  odd  ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but  ;  u,  (French). 


34  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

eating  that  such  a  note  is  to  be  prolonged  beyond  its 
time-value.  The  hold  is  also  placed  over  a  bar  or 
double-bar  indicating  a  pause  before  proceeding  to  the 
next  measure  or  movement.  It  may  also  indicate 
the  end  of  the  composition. 

Homophone,  Fr.  The  enharmonic  of  any  tone,  as  f  of  ef, 
g  of  fx. 

Homophonic.  In  modern  music  a  term  used  for  composi- 
tions in  plain  harmony. 

Humoresque.  )   A  title  given  to  compositions  of  a  humorous 

Humoreske.    >          or  fantastic  style. 

Hiirtig,  Ger.  (A00r-t\g).     Quick,  swift. 

Hymn.  A  religious  or  sacred  song,  usually  intended  to  be 
sung  by  a  congregation. 

II,  It.  (el).     The. 

IlaritA,  It.  (e-lar-e-Ai).     Hilarity. 

II  piu  f6rte  possible,  It.  (el  pe-oo  for-te  p6s-j^-be-le).    As 

loud  as  possible. 
II  volteggidre,  It.  (el  vol-ted-je-a-re).   Crossing  the  hands  in 

playing  the  piano. 
Immer,  Ger.  (#»-mer).     Always. 
Impatie*nte,  It.  (em-pa-te-<f«-te).     Restless,  vehement. 
Imperi6so,  //.  (em-pa-re-J-zo).     Haughty,  lofty. 
ImpetO,  It.  (em-pe-to).     Impetuosity. 
Impetu6so,  It.  (em-pa-too-J-zo).     Impetuous. 
Impone'nte,  It.  (em-po-«a«-te).     Imposing,  impressive. 
In,  It.  and  Ger.     Into,  in. 
Inacutire,  //.  (en-"a-koo-#-re).     To  make  sharp. 
Inbrunst,  Ger.  (i«-broonst).     Ardor,  fervor. 
Inbrunstig,  Ger.  (r«-briins-tig).     Ardent,  fervent. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  "a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  £,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  T,  ill; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  35 

Incalzando,  It.  (en-cal-saw-do).   Increasing  in  time  and  tone. 

Incantable,  Sp.  (en-kan-/ii'-ble).     Cannot  be  sung. 

Inconsolato,  It.  (en-kon-s6-/a-t6).     Disconsolate. 

Indeciso,  //.  (en-de-^-zo).     Undecided. 

Indegnato,  It.  (en-dan-j/0-to).     Furiously. 

Indifferdnte,  It.  (en-def-fe-r<?«-te).     Indifferent,  careless. 

Infernale,  //.  (en-far-«<i'-le).     Infernal. 

InfervoratO,  It.  (en-f&r-v5-ra-to).     Fervent,  impassioned. 

Infiammatam£nte,  //.  (en-fe-am-ma-ta-»z<f«-te).  In  an  ex- 
cited manner. 

In  fretta,  It.  (en/r/Ma).     In  haste. 

Infuriante,  It.  (en-foo-re-<z«-te).     Furious. 

Infuridto,  It.  (en-foo-re-a-to).     Enraged. 

Ing^gno,  It.  (en-^ dn-yo) .     Skill,  discretion. 

Inhalt,  Ger.  (in-fialt).     Conception,  subject  matter. 

Innig,  Ger.  (?n-nig).     Fervent,  intense. 

Innigkeit,  Ger.  (fo-mg-kit).     Fervency  of  feeling. 

Inno,  //.  (en-no).     Hymn. 

Innoc^nte,  It.  (en-n5-f,£<?«-te).     Natural. 

Inqui^to,  It.  (en-que-£-to).     Restless. 

Insensibile,  It.  (en-sen-j^-be-le).     Imperceptible. 

Insiste'ndo,  It.  (en-ses-Afw-do).     Urgently. 

Instandig,  Ger.  (in-sAtan-dig) .  } 

Instante,  It.  (en-rfaw-te).  ) 

Instantem6nte,  //.  (en-stan-te -man-te).     Instantly. 

Instrumentation.  The  art  of  composing,  arranging,  or 
adapting  music  for  several  instruments  of  various 
kinds.  Orchestration. 

In  te'mpo,  It.  (en  fdm-po).     In  time. 

Intenzionato,  It.  (en-tan-tse-o-wa-to).     With  emphasis. 

Intercalare,  //.  (en-tar-ka-/<i'-re) .     The  burden  of  a  song. 

5,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French), 


36  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Interlude.  An  instrumental  strain  played  after  the  stanza 
of  a  hymn  or  song.  An  intermezzo. 

Intermede,  Fr.  (an^-ter-wz/if ).     Interlude. 

Intermezzo,  It.  (en-tar-*w<«-so).  A  title  given  to  instru- 
mental compositions  of  various  kinds,  also  to  certain 
short  movements  in  a  symphony  or  suite ;  an  interme- 
diate movement. 

Inter r6tto,  It.  (en-tar-r<57-t5).     Interrupted,  broken. 

Interruzi6ne,  It.  (en-tar-root-se-J-ne).     Interruption. 

Interval.     The  difference  in  pitch  between  two  tones. 

Intimo,  //.  (<?«-te-mo).     Heartfelt. 

Intonate,  //.  (en-to-«<i'-re).     To  sound  the  keynote. 

Intonation.     Tone  production,  either  vocal  or  instrumental. 

Intonato,  It.  (en-to-«<z-to).     Set  to  musk. 

Intrada,  It.  (en-tra-da).     A  prelude. 

Intre'pido,  It.  (en-^ra-pe-do).     Bold. 

Invention.  A  title  given  to  short  instrumental  pieces  in 
free  contrapuntal  style  in  which  the  theme  or  subject 
was  developed  according  to  the  composer's  pleasure. 

Ira,  //.  (e-ra).     Anger,  passion. 

Iratame'nte,  //.  (e-ra.-t'a.-mdn-te).     Angrily,  passionately. 

Irresolute,  It.  (er-ra-zo-Aw-to).     Hesitating,  irresolute. 

Iste'sso  tSmpo,  It.  (es-t3s-so  tSm-po).  Same  time.  A  term 
which  indicates  that  the  tempo  of  either  the  measure 
or  measure-note  remains  the  same  as  before,  even 
though  the  time-signature  is  changed.  It  is  also  used 
to  indicate  a  return  to  the  former  tempo  after  an  inter- 
ruption of  the  movement. 

Istr£pito,  con,  It.  (es-trd-pe-to).     With  noise  and  bluster. 

Italian  mordent.     A  short  shake,  or  trill. 

I  trovatdri,  //.  (e  tro-va-j'J-re).     The  troubadours. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  i,  ice  ;  I,  *//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  37 

Jaeger-chOr,  Ger.  (^J-gher-k5r) .     Hunting  chorus. 

Jagd,  Ger.  (yagd).     Hunting. 

Jagdhorn,  Ger.  (yagd-horn).     Hunting  horn. 

Jagdstiick,  Ger.  (yagd-shtiik).     Hunting-piece. 

Jauchzend,  Ger.  (yow&A-tsend).     Shouting,  joyful. 

Jouer,  Fr.  (zhoo-a).     To  play. 

Jubilate.    The  looth  psalm. 

Jugue'te,  Sp.  (hoo-yoo-J-te).     A  carol. 

Juste,  Fr.  (zhiist).     True,  just,  accurate. 

Kadenz,  Ger.  (/fca-denz).     Cadence. 

Kammer,  Ger.  (&am-mer).     Chamber  or  small  hall. 

Kammer-conceit,  Ger.  (Adm-mer-kon-ts/rt).  Chamber  con- 
cert. 

Kammer-musik,  Ger.  (fcam-mer-moo-zik).     Chamber  music. 

Kammer-styl,  Ger.  (&«w-mer-shtel).     Chamber  music  style. 

Kdnon,  Ger.  (M-non).     Canon. 

Keck,  Ger.  (kek).     Bold. 

Keckheit,  Ger.  (&?£-hit).     Boldness,  dash. 

Kehle,  Ger.  (&?-le).     The  voice,  the  throat. 

Kettentriller,  Ger.  (/&#-t'n-tril-ler).     A  chain  of  trills. 

Key.  The  succession  of  tones  which  form  the  major  or 
minor  scale. 

Key-note.     The  tonic,  or  first  degree  of  a  diatonic  scale. 

Key  signature.  The  sharps  or  flats  placed  after  the  clef. 
The  exceptions  to  this  definition  are  the  keys  of 
C  major  and  A  minor,  which  have  no  sharps  or  flats 
placed  after  the  clef. 

Kinderscenen,  Ger.  (/W«-der-san-en).     Scenes  of  childhood. 

Kinderstiicke,  Ger.  (£#2-der-shtu-ke).  Compositions  for 
children. 

6,  old  ;  6,  odd ;  &,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French) 


38  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Kindlich,  Ger.  (&W-likh).  Childlike  ;  with  unaffected  sim- 
plicity. 

Kirchenmusik,  Ger.  (&fr-kh'n-tnoo-zik).     Church-music. 

Klage,  Ger.  (/£/a-ghe).     Lamentation. 

Klang,  Ger.  (klang).     A  sound  or  tone. 

Klang-saal,  Ger.  (klang-sal).     Concert-room. 

Klarheit,  Ger.  (/£/a>-hft).     Clearness. 

Klarlich,  Ger.  (£/5r-likh).     Clearly. 

Klavier,  Ger.  (kla-fer).  In  modern  usage,  a  pianoforte  of 
any  kind. 

Klein,  Ger.  (kiln).     Small ;  minor. 

Klingbar,  Ger.  (klfng-\)i.r).     Resonant. 

K6misch,  Ger.  (&dm-ish).     Comical. 

Komponieren,  Ger.  (kom-p6-»£-ren).     To  compose. 

Komp6nist,  Ger.  (kom-/J-nist).     Composer. 

Konzeit,  Ger.  (kon-tstrt).     Concert;  concerto. 

Konzeitmeister,  Ger.  (kon-ts2rt-mts-ter).  Leader,  first 
violin. 

Kopf,  Ger.  (k5pf).     Head. 

Kopfstimme,  Ger.  (/£<^/"-shtim-me).     Head-voice. 

Kraft,  Ger.  (kraft).     Energy,  force. 

Kraftig,  Ger.  (&ra/-tig).     Vigorous. 

Kriegerisch,  Ger.  (^ri?-gher-ish).     Martial,  warlike. 

Kriegs-gesang,  Ger.  (kregs-g\&-sangk).  \ 

Kriegs-lied,  Ger.  (kregs-led).  ) 

Kiihn,  Ger.  (kiin).     Short. 

Kunst,  Ger.  (koonst).     Art. 

Kurz,  Ger.  (koorts).     Short. 

Kiirzen,  Ger.  (>&«>-tsen).     To  abridge. 

Kurz  und  bestimmt,  Ger.  (koorts  oond  be-sfitfmt).  Short 
and  decided. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  39 

Kurzung,  Ger.  (/&«r-tsoongk).     Abbreviation. 

La,  Fr,  and  It.  (la).     The  note  A  ;  also  the  sixth    degree 

of  the  diatonic  scale. 
La  chasse,  Fr.  (la  shass).     Hunting  style. 

Lacrimoso.  It.  (Ia-cre-#z0-zo) .  } 

}•   Mournful. 
Lagnevole,  It.  (lan-ya-z/0-le).   ) 

La  de"stra,  It.  (la  das-tr'a.).     The  right  hand. 

Lamentdbile,   It.  (la-men-ta-be-le).  ^ 

Lamentando,  It.  (la-men -tan-do).       I  In   a   sad,   lamenting 

Lamente'vole,  It.  (la-men-&?-vo-le).     f         style. 

Lament6so,  It.  (la-menVJ-zo). 

Lampons,  Fr.  (lan^-pon/z).     Drinking  songs. 

Landler,  Ger.  (land-\zr).     A  slow  waltz  belonging  to  South 

Germany  and  Austria. 
Land-lied,  Ger.  (land-led).     A  rustic  song. 
Langsam,  Ger.  (tdng-sam).     Slow. 
Langsamer,  Ger.  (/aM^--sa-mer).     Slower. 
Languemente,  //.  (lan-gue-/w<fw-te).     Languishingly. 
Langu6ndo,  It.  (lan-^wJw-dS).  \ 

Langu^nte,  It.  (lan-^«J«-te).   >   Plaintive,  languishing. 
Languido,  It.  (/a«-gue-do).      ) 
Largam6nte,  It.  (ya.r-ga.-man  te).     In  a  broad  style  without 

changing  the  time.  [marked. 

Largando,   It.   (lar-^a«-do).     Somewhat   slower  and  more 
Large,  Fr.  (larzh).     Sostenuto. 
Lar ghetto,  //.  (lar-^-J^-tS).     A  movement  not  quite  so  slow 

as  large. 

Larghissimo,  It.  (lar-^«-se-mo).     Extremely  slow. 
Largo,  It.  (far-go).     Broad,  slow,  and  stately ;  the  slowest 

tempo-mark. 

6,  old  ;  6,  odd  ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French ) . 


40  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Lastimosame'nte,  Sp.  (las-te-mo-za-»*<?«-te).  In  a  doleful 
manner. 

La  stre'tta,  //.  (la  strdt-ta).  A  term  indicating  that  a  pas 
sage  is  to  be  played  in  quicker  time. 

Laufer,  Ger.  (7<w-fer).     A  run. 

Launenstuck,  Ger.  (low-nen-shtiik).     A  voluntary. 

Launig,  Ger.  (/<nv-mg).     In  a  light,  gay,  humorous  style. 

Laut,  Ger.  (lowt).     Loud ;  a  sound. 

Lauten,  Ger.  (Aw-t'n).     To  ring,  to  sound. 

La  v6ce,  //.  (la  »J-che).     The  voice. 

Lay.     A  melody,  song,  or  tune. 

Le,  Fr.  and  //.  (le).     The. 

Lead.     A  cue ;  also  the  giving-out  of  a  theme  by  one  part. 

Leader.     Conductor. 

Leading-note.  The  seventh  degree  of  the  major  and  har- 
monic minor  scales. 

Leaning-note.    Appoggiatura. 

L£ben,  Ger.  (/J-b'n).     Life,  vivacity. 

Lebendig,  Ger.  (la-^-dlg).  )  y,  ^mate<L 

L^bhaft,  Ger.  (/^-haft).        J 

Lecon,  Fr.  (la-son^).     A  lesson,  study. 

Leer*  Saiten,  Ger.  (lar  sl-t'n).     Open  strings. 

Legdbile,  It.  (le-^a-be-le).     Smooth. 

Legando,  //.  (le-,fa«-do).     Slurring. 

Legare,  //.  (le-^a-re).     To  slur,  or  bind. 

Legal isaimo,  //.  (Ie-ga-/^j-se-m6).  Very  smooth  and  con- 
nected. 

Legato,  It.  (le-^o  to).     In  a  smooth  and  connected  manner. 

Legato  assai,  //.  (le-^a-to  as-sa-e).  Very  close  and  con- 
nected. 

Legatura,  It.  (le-ga-^^o-ra).     A  tie;  a  syncopation. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  i,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  41 

Leger,  Fr.  (la-zha).    )   u  fa 

Legere,  /V.  (la-zhar).  J 

Le'gerete',  Fr.  (la-z^4-re-ta).     Agility,  lightness. 

Legg£nda,  It.  (\ed-jdn-da).    A  legend,  a  tale. 

Leggergzza,  //.  (led-jer-<#-tsa).     Lightness. 

Leggerme'nte,  It.  (led-jer-»z<f«-te).     Lightly. 

Leggeio,  It.  (led-jd-ro).     With  lightness. 

Leggiadram^nte,  //.  (led-je-a-dra-w»J«-te).  Elegantly,  grace- 
fully. 

Leggiadro,  //.  (led-je-a-dro).     Brisk  and  cheerful. 

Leggierame'nte,  It.  (led-je-ar-a-»zd»-te).  ^ 

Leggierme'nte,  It.  (led-je-er-»»d«-te).     >  Lightly. 

Leggiero,  //.  (led-je-J-ro).  ) 

Leicht,  Ger.  (likht).     Light,  brisk,  easy. 

Leidenschaft,  Ger.  (/f-d'n-shaft).  Passion,  vehemence,  fer- 
vency. 

Leidenschaftlich,  Ger.  (/ii/-en-shaft-likh).     Passionately. 

Leise,  Ger.  (//-ze).     Soft,  low. 

Leitakkord,  Ger.  (Kt-ak-kord).  Leading  chord,  one  that 
suggests  its  own  resolution. 

Leiter,  Ger.  (#-ter).     Scale. 

Leiter-fremd,  Ger.  (/f-ter-fremd).  Accidental  flats  or  sharps 
which  do  not  belong  to  the  key. 

Leitm6tiv,  Ger.  (\it-mo-tif).  Leading  motive.  A  musical 
phrase  used  to  indicate  a  character  or  an  incident  in 
an  opera,  oratorio,  or  music  drama.  The  leitmotiv  is 
also  found  in  various  pieces  of  program-music. 

Leit-ton,  Ger.  (/#-ton).     Leading-note. 

L£no,  //.  (Id-no).     Faint,  feeble. 

Lent,  Fr.  (lanA).     Slow. 

Lentame'nte,  //.  (len-ta->wJ«-te).     Slowly. 

6,  old  ;  8,  odd  ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


42  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 

Lentando,  It.  (len-/a«-do).     Slackening  the  tims. 

Lentement,  Fr.  (lan^t-manA).     )    „,      . 

Lenteme'nte,  It.  (lan-te-/»<f«-te).  ) 

Lenteur,  Fr.  (lanA-tur).      )    Slowness 

Lente'zza,  It.  (len-M/-tsa).  > 

Lentissimo,  It.  (len-ter-se-mo).     Very  slow. 

Lento,  It.  (/Jw-to).     Slow. 

Lesser.     Minor,  smaller. 

Lestame'nte,  It.  (\es-t'a.-mdn-te).     Briskly. 

Lestezza,  It.  (les-/ff/-tsa).     Briskness. 

Lestissimo,  It.  (les-tef-se-mo).     Very  brisk. 

L6sto,  It.  (Ids-to).     Lively,  brisk. 

Letterale,  It.  (let-te>a'-le).     Literal. 

Letteralm^nte,  //.  (let-ter-al-»zaw-te).     Literally. 

Leve'zza,  //.  (le-w^-tsa).     Lightness,  levity. 

Liaison,  Fr.  (le  a-zon^).     A  tie. 

Liberame"nte,  It.  (le-be-ra-»z^«-te).  )   Freel     easily< 

Librement,  Fr.  (lebr-manh).  ) 

Libero,  It.  (/^-be-ro).     Free,  unrestrained. 

Li6,  Fr.  (li-d).     Tied,  legato. 

Liebeslied,  Ger.  (/?-bes-led).     Love-song. 

Lieblich,  Ger.  (/^3-likh).     Sweet,  lovely,  charming. 

Lie",  coulant,  Fr.  (li-a  koo-lan^).     Slurred,  flowing. 

Lied,  Ger.  (led).     Song. 

Liedchen,  Ger.  (/(?</-kh'n).     A  short  song. 

Lieder-buch,  Ger.  (/<?-der-bookh).     Song-book. 

Lieder-dichter,  Ger.  (te-der-df&A-ter).     Song-writer. 

Lieder-kreis,  Ger.  (/^-der-kris).     A  series  of  songs. 

Lieder  ohne  Worte,  Ger.  (#-der  ^ne  z/Jr-te).    Songs  without 

words. 
Lieder-spiel,  Ger.  (/^-der-shpel).     An  operetta. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  T,  ice  ;  i,  *'//,• 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  43 

Lieder  tafler,  Ger.  (/^-der  /J-fler).     Glee-singers. 

Ligato,  It.  (le-.ja-to)     Legato. 

Ligature.  A  group  of  notes  to  be  sung  to  one  syllable,  in 
one  breath,  or  phrased  legato.  Also  a  tie  or  syncopa- 
tion. 

Linke  Hand,  Ger.  (/f«-ke  hand).     Left  hand. 

Lirico,  //.  (/(?-re-ko).     Lyric. 

Liscio,  ft.  (/^-slie-o).     Smooth. 

L'ist£sso  timpo,  It.  (Fes-&?j-so  tdm-po).  In  the  same  time 
as  the  previous  movement. 

Lo,  It.  (16).     The. 

Lob-gesang,  Ger.  (lob-$&-zangk}.     Hymn  of  praise. 

Loco,  It.  (/<?-ko).  Place.  Occurring  after  8va  the  term  in- 
dicates that  the  notes  are  to  be  performed  as  written. 

Lontano,  It.  (lon-Ai-no).     Distant. 

Loud  pedal.     Damper-pedal. 

Lourd,  Fr.  (loor).     Heavy. 

Lour£,  Fr.  (loo-ra).     Slurred,  legato,  non  staccato. 

Luctuosam£nte,  Sp.  (Iook-too-o-za-»z5«-te).     Mournfully. 

Lugubre,  Fr.  (lii-gu-bruh)  and  //.  (loo^w-bri).     Mournful. 

Lunga,  It.  (loon-gat.).  Long.  When  placed  above  or  be- 
neath a  hold  it  signifies  that  the  hold  is  to  be  greatly 
prolonged. 

Lunga  pausa,  It.  (loon-ga.  pa-oo-za).     A  long  pause. 

Lu6gO,  It.  (loo-J-go).     Loco. 

Lusingando,  It.  (loo-zen-^a»-do).  )   Coaxing 

Lusingante,  It.  (loo-zen-f<i'w-te).   ) 

Lusingh^vole,  It.  (loo-zen-^-vo-le).  )  Coaxingly. 

Lusinghevolm^nte,  It.  (loo-zen-ga-vol-w«f«-te).   ) 

Lusinghi^re,  It.  (loo-zen-ghe-J-re).  )    , 

'   \   Coaxing. 
Lusmghiero,  It.  (loo-zen-ghe-J-ro).  ) 

6,  old  ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French), 


44  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Lustig,  Ger.  (/cos-tig).     Merry,  gay. 

Lustlied,  Ger.  (/mv/-led).     A  merry  song. 

Lutt6so,  It.  (looi-to-zo).     Mournful. 

Luttuosame'nte,  It.  (loot-too-6-za-/wJw-te).     Mournfully. 

Lyrisch,  Ger.  (#r-ish).     Lyric. 

Ma,  It.  (ma).     But. 

Madrigal.     A  vocal  composition. 

Maesa.     A  mass. 

Maesta,  //.  (ma-es-Az).  \ 

Maestade,  It.  (ma-es-Ai'-de).  >   Majesty,  dignity. 

Maestate,  It.  (ma-es-^'-te.)  ) 

MaesteVole,  It.  (ma-es-M-vo-le).     Majestic. 

Maestevolissimo,  It.  (ma-es-ta-vo-/<?j-se-mo).  Very  ma- 
jestic. 

Maestevolm^nte,  It.  (ma-es-ta-v6l-#z<?»-te).  )    Majestically; 

Maestosam£nte,  It.  (ma-es-t6-za-/w<fw-te).     )       with  dignity. 

Maest6so,  //.  (ma-es-/J-zo).     Majestic,  stately,  dignified. 

Maestrdle,  It.  (ma-es-/ra-le).  The  stretto  of  a  fugue  when 
it  is  hi  canon  form. 

Maestro,  It.  (ma-5j-tro).     Master,  professor. 

Maggiolata,  It.  (mad-je-o-/ai-ta).     A  May  song. 

Maggi6re,  It.  (mad-je-^re).     Major,  greater. 

Magisc6ro,  It.  (ma-jes-^ro).     The  head  of  a  choir. 

Main,  fr.  (man^).     Hand. 

Main  droit,  Fr.  (manA  drwa).      Right  hand. 

Main  gauche,  Fr.  (man^  gosh).     Left  hand. 

Maitre,  Fr.  (matr).     Master. 

Majestat,  Ger.  (ma-zhes-/'J/).     Majesty. 

Majestatisch,  Ger.  (ma-zhes-/if-tlsh).     Majestic. 

Majeur,  Fr.  (ma-zhur).     Major. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  T,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS 


45 


Major.     Greater. 

Major  bob.     A  full  peal  upon  eight  bells. 

Major  chord.     A  chord  having  a  major  third  and  perfect 

fifth. 

Major  key.     A  key  founded  on  the  major  scale, 
Major  scale.     That  form  of  the  diatonic  scale  in  which  toe 

half-tones  or  steps  occur  between  the  third  and  fourth, 

also  the  seventh  and  eighth,  degrees,  all  other  intervals 

being  whole  tones. 
Major  third.     An  interval  containing  three  degrees  and  two 

whole  tones. 


Major  tonic.     A  major  scale. 

Mai,  Ger.  (mal).     Time. 

Malanc6nia,  It.  (ma-lan-/£J-ne-a). 

Malenc6nia,  It.  (ma-len-£<?-ne-a). 

Malenc6nico,  //.  (ma-len-^ne-k5).    . 

Malinc61ia,  //.  (ma-len-^-le-a). 

Malinc6lico,  It.  (ma-len-^-le-ko). 

Malinc6nia,  It.  (ma-len-^J-ne-a). 

Malinconicame'nte,  It.  (ma-len-ko-ne-ka-/»<?«-te).  ^   In  a 

Malinc6nico,  It.  (ma-len-/£<7-ne-k5).  !   melan- 

Malinconi6so,  It.  (ma-len-ko-ne-J -26).  f"  choly 

Malincon6so,  It.  (ma-len-k5-«J-zo).  J   style. 

Mama,  //.  (ma-ma).     A  term  indicating  the  right  hand  in 

drum  music. 

Manca,  It.  (man-k'a).     The  left. 
Mancando,  It.  (man-/6o«-do).     Dying  away. 

5,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  \i,  but ;  ii,  (French), 


46  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 


'  f  A  small  kind  of  lute  or  guitar. 


Mand61a,  It.  (man-do-la.).     A  mandolin,  or  cithern. 

Mandoline.     A  kind  of  guitar. 

Mandora. 

Mandore. 

Manica,  //.  (wa-ne-ka).     Fingering. 

Manieia,  It.  (ma-ne-J-ra).     Manner,  method,  style. 

Maniere,  Fr.  (man-e-aV).     Manner. 

Manieren,  Ger.  (ma-ne-r'n).     Embellishments,  graces. 

Mannerchor,  Ger.  (#z#«-ner-kor).     A  male  chorus;  also  the 

name  of  a  composition  for  such  a  chorus. 
Mannergesangverein,    Ger.    (mdn-ner-ghe-zang-te-rin).    A 

male  vocal  society. 
Mano,  It.  (ma-no).     Hand. 
Mano  Dritta,  //.  (ma-no  dret-te}.     Right  hand. 
Mano  Sinistra,  //.  (ma-no  se-nes-tra).     Left  hand. 
Manual.     The  keyboard  of  an  organ. 

MarcAndo,  //.  (mar-^«-do).  )  These  terms  indicate  that  the 

Marcdto,  //.  (mar-fci-to).       (  music  is  to  be  Performed  with 
'   distinctness  and  emphasis. 

Marcatessimo,  //.  (mar-ka-/<fj-se-mo).     Very  much  marked 

or  accented. 
Marcato  il  p6llice,  It.   (mar-^a-to  el  /J/-le-che).     Mark  or 

accent  strongly  the  note  played  by  the  thumb. 
Marche,  Fr.  (marsh),      j 
Marcia,  It.  (mar-che-a).  >   A  march. 
Marsch,  Ger.  (marsh).    ) 
Marciale,  //.  (mar-che-a-le).     Martial. 
Mari6na,  Sp.  (ma-re- J-na).     A  Spanish  dance. 
Markiert,  Ger.  (mar-kert).     Accented,  marked. 
Markiren,  Ger.  (mar-^-r'n).     To  mark,  to  accent. 
Marqu6,  Fr.  (mar-ka).     Marked,  accented. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  !,  ice  ;  i,  *'//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  47 

Marquer,  Fr.  (mar-ka).     To  mark,  to  accent. 

Marseillaise,  Fr.  (mar-sal-yaz).  The  Marseilles  hymn ;  the 
national  anthem  of  France. 

Martele,  Fr.  (mar-te:la).  j   HammereA     Stron j     M. 

Martellare,  //.  (mar-tel-/a-re).  [       cented 

Martellato,  //.  (mar-tel-/a-to).  ) 

Marziale,  It.  (mar-tse-a-le).     Martial,  warlike. 

Mascherata,  It.  (ma-skeVa-ta).     Masquerade. 

Mass,  Ger.  (mass).     Measure,  time. 

Massig,  Ger.  (mas-sig).     Measured,  moderate. 

Massima,  It.  (mas-se-ma.).     A  semibreve. 

Matinata,  It.  (ma-te-wa-ta).     A  morning  serenade. 

Mattutino  delle  tenebre,  It.  (mat-too-^-no  dal-le  te-w^-bre). 
The  service  of  the  Tenebrae. 

Maul-trommel,  Ger.  (mowl-tr5m-mel).     A  Jew's  harp. 

Mazurka,  Ger.  (mz-tsoor-ka).  A  Polish  dance  of  lively 
character,  in  |  or  f  time,  with  a  peculiar  rhythm. 

Measure.  The  space  between  two  bars.  A  metrical  unit  of 
fixed  time-value  having  a  regular  accent,  and  forming 
the  smallest  metrical  subdivision  of  a  composition. 

Mede'simo,  //.  (me-dT<f-ze-m6).     The  same. 

Mediant,  Lat.  (wJ-di-ant).      )    The  third  degree  of  the  dia- 

M6diante,  Fr.  (ma-di-aw^^).   )      tonic  scale. 

Medius,  Lat.  (ma-di-us).     The  tenor  part. 

Mehr,  Ger.  (mar).     More. 

Mehr-stimmig,  Ger.  (mar-j^/r»«-mig).     For  several  voices. 

Mehr  stimmiger  gesang,  Ger.  (mar  sAtim-mi-gher  $&-zangk). 
A  glee  or  part  song. 

Meister,  Ger.  (wm-ter).     Master. 

Meister-sanger,  Ger.  (mfs-ter-sdng-er).  Master  singer  min- 
strel. 

5,  old ;  6,  odd ;  o,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute ;  u,  but  •  ii,  {French}. 


48  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Meister-stiick,  Ger.  (wzw-ter-shtiik).     Masterpiece. 

Melancdlia,  It.  (ma-lan-^J-le-a).        ) 

Melancholic,  Fr.  (ma-laa*-k6-le).     \  * 

Melange,  Fr.  (ma.-Ianz&).     A  medley. 

Melisma,  Gk.  (me-/&-ma).  A  melodic  ornament  or  embel- 
lishment. 

Melismatic.     Ornamented,  embellished. 

Mel6de,  //.  (ma-/J-de).       ^ 

Mel6dia,  It.  (ma-/J-de-a).   >  Melody. 

Melodic,  Fr.  (md-lo-de).     ) 

Melodeon.     A  kind  of  small  reed  organ. 

Mel6dico,  It.  (ma-/<?-de-k5).     Cantando. 

Melody.  A  succession  of  any  number  of  single  notes. 
Sometimes  used  to  denote  the  tune  or  air  of  a  compo- 
sition as  separate  from  the  bass  or  accompaniment. 

Melologue.     A  combination  of  recitative  and  music. 

Melop£a,  It.  (ma-lo-/£-a).  Music  in  general ;  words  and 
music  combined. 

Melopomenos,  Gr.  (mel-5-/^/w-e  nos).     Vocal  melody. 

Melos,  Gk.  (md-16s).     Melody. 

Meme,  Fr.  (mam).     The  same. 

Me"n  allegro,  //.  (man  al-/<f-gro).     Less  quick. 

M&iestrel,  Fr.  (ma-nes-trel).     Minstrel. 

M6no,  It.  (md-no).     Less. 

M6no  f6rte,  It.  (md-nofor-te).     Less  loud. 

Menschen  stimme,  Ger.  (men-sh'n  s/ttim-me).  Human 
voice. 

M£n  vivo,  It.  (men  ve-vo).     Less  spirit. 

Mescolanza,  //.  (mes-ko-/a«-tsa).     A  medley. 

M6ssa,  It.  (mds-sa).  )  ,. 

\    TyTacc 

Messe,  Ger.  (m?s-se)  and  Fr.  (mdss).   ) 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  *'/// 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  49 

Mdssa  di  v6ce,  It.  (mds-s'a.  de  z/J-che").     The  crescendo  and 
diminuendo  of  the  voice  on  a  sustained  note ;  thus 


Mestizia,  It.  (mes-#-tse-a).     Sadness. 

Mestame'nte,  It.  (mes-ta-#zJ«-te).     Plaintively. 

Me"sto,  It.  (mds-to).          > 

Mest6so,  It.  (mes-to-zo).  ) 

Me"sure,  Fr.  (ma-ziir).     Measure. 

Metal,  Sp.  (ma.-tal).     Strength;  compass  of  the  voice. 

Metallo,  It.  (ma-/a/-lo).     A  ringing  quality  of  voice. 

Meter,  metre.     The  rhythmic  element  of  music;  the   sym 

metrical  grouping  of  musical  rhythms ;  the  construction 

and  pulsation  of  the  phrase  in  music. 

M6zza  v6ce,  It.  (mdt-ts'a.  w-che).     Half  power;  half  voice. 
MSzzo,  It.  (mdt-tso).     Half. 

M£zzo  f6rte,  It.  (mdt-tso  for-te).     Half  as  loud  as  forte. 
Mezzo  ligato,  //.  (mdt-tso  le-^a-to).     A  variety  of  pianoforte 

touch  requiring  a  forcible  stroke  rather  than  a  sudden 

return  of  the  finger. 
Me"zzo  piano,  It.   (mdt-tso  pe-#-no).     Not  so  loud  as  mezza 

forte,  and  not  so  soft  as  piano. 
Me"zzo  soprano,  It.  (mdt-tso  so-#ra-no).     The  female  voice 

between  soprano  and  alto. 

Mi.     Name  of  the  note  E  in  France,  Italy,  etc.     Third  de- 
gree of  the  diatonic  scale. 
Middle  C.     One  lined  C. 

Treble.  Bass. 

r\  -&>- 


**       -G- 
5,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (french). 


PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 


Middle  voices.     Tenor  and  alto  voices. 
Mi  diese,  Fr.  (me  dl-dz).     Ej. 
Mignon,  Fr.  (men-yon^).     Favorite. 

Militairement,  Fr.  (mil-e-tdr-ma.r\A). 

' 
MihtarmSnte,  //.  (me-le-tar-*«<?«-te). 

Militar  musik,  Ger.  (me-le-tar  moo-sik). 
MinacceVole,    It.    (me-naW/z,?-vo-le). 
Minaccevolm£nte,    It.    (me-nat-che- 
v6l-«za«-te). 


In  military  style. 
Military  music. 


In    a 


menacing, 


Minacciando,  It.  (me-nat-che-a«-do).   U 

__.         .  ,   ,        ...    ,    _    ...    ,  _  _     I  threatening,  manner. 

Minacciosamente,  //.  (me-nat-che-o- 


Minacci6so,  It.  (me-nat-che-J-z5).        J 
Minder,  Ger.  (#*z«-der).     Minor,  less. 
M incur,  Fr.  (mi-nur).     Minor. 
Minim.     A  half  note. 
Minor.     Smaller. 

Minor  chord.     A  chord  having  a  minor  third  and  perfect  fifth. 
Minor  interval.     A  minor  interval  contains  one  half-tone 
less  than  a  major;  thus; 

Major  Third.     Minor  Third. 


Minor  key.     A  key  founded  on  the  minor  scale. 

Minor  scale.     That  form  of  the  diatonic  scale  in  which  the 

first  and  third  degrees  form  a  minor  third. 
Minor  third.     An  interval  containing  three  degrees  and  one 

whole  tone  and  a  half. 


a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  T,  ///  ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  5  I 

Minue,  Sp.  (mt-noo-a.).     A  minuet. 

Minuet.     The  name  of  a  slow,  stately  dance,  said  to  have 

been  invented  in  France  about  the  middle  ot  the  i7th 

century. 

Minue"tto,  //.  (me-noo-^-to).     A  minuet. 
Misch-Masch  (mish-mash).     A  medley. 
Misshallig,  Ger.  (wfrj-hal-lig).     Discordant. 
Missklang,  Ger.  (mfss-kla.ngk).     Dissonance. 
Misteriosame'nte,  It.  (mes-tar-e-o-za-wa«-te).     Mysteriously. 
Mister i6so,  It.    (mes-tar-e-J-zS).     Mysterious. 
Misura,  It.  (me-soo-ra).     A  measure. 
Misurato,  It.  (me-soo-ra-to).     Measured  in  exact  time. 
Mit,  Ger.  (mtt).     With. 

Mittelkadenz,  Ger.  (wztf-tl-ka  dents).     A  half  cadence. 
Mittelstimme,GVr.  (wft-t'l-shtim-me).  An  inner  part  or  voice. 
M6bile,  //.  (wJ-be-le).     With  easy  movement. 
Mode.     Key. 

Mode're',  Fr.  (mo-da-ra).     Moderate. 
Moderate,  //.  (mod-e-ra-to).     Moderate  degree  of  speed. 

Moderna.   (mo-ddr-ria).  ) 

__   ,,  _   ..        ;    >  It.     Modem. 

Mod^rno,  (mo-Mr-no),  y 

Modinha,  (mo-Jen-a.).     A  Portuguese  song. 

M6do,  It.  (mo-do).     Mode;  style. 

Modulation.     Passing  from  one  key  to  another. 

Moduliren,  Ger.  (mo-doo-^-r'n).     To  modulate. 

Modulo,  Lat.  (mo-du-lo).     To  modulate,  to  compose. 

Moll,  Ger.  (moll).     Minor. 

Moll  akkord,  Ger.  (mol  ak-kord).     Minor  chord. 

Moll  dreiklang,  Ger.  (mol  </rf-klangk).     Minor  triad. 

Moll  tonart,  Ger.  (mol  ton-art).     Minor  key. 

Moll  tonleiter,  Ger.  (mol  ton-^-ter).     Minor  scale. 

6,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  U,  (French). 


52  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Molleme'nte,  It.  (mol-le-wzJw-te).     Softly,  gently. 

Moltisondnte,  It.  (mol-te-z6-»a«-te).     Resounding. 

M61to,  //.  (mol-\.o).     Much,  very. 

Momentum,  Lai.  (mo-w/w-tum).     A  quaver  rest. 

Monodic.     For  one  voice. 

Monody,  Ger.  and  Fr.  Monodie  (mon-6-a7),  It.  Monodia 
(mo-no-de-a).  Music  in  which  the  melody  is  confined  to 
a  single  part ;  sometimes  called  the  Homophonic  Style. 

Monophonic.     In  one  part  only. 

Mordent.  A  grace  performed  by  rapidly  alternating  a  writ- 
ten note  with  the  note  on  the  next  degree  below.  There 
are  two  kinds,  the  simple  or  short  mordent  (<x)v)  which 
consists  of  three  notes, 

/s(v        Played. 


and  the  long  mordent  (/vj^)  in  which  the  lower  note 
appears  twice  or  oftener. 
,vVv     Played.  or 


> 

m         m    ^    m 

*m          m    _     m     ^ 

£ 

The  Frailer  or  inverted  mordent  consists  of  a  written 
note  followed  by  the  note  on  the  next  degree  above 
played  in  the  same  manner  as  the  mordent.  It  has  the 
sign  of  the  mordent  but  without  the  cross-stroke  (/^v). 
A  nearly  obsolete  mordent  sign  is,  ++,  the  inverted 
mordent  *^ 

N.B.    Some  writers  have  used  these  terms  in  the  oppo- 
site sense,  giving  the  mordent  an  upper  auxiliary  note. 

3i,ale;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,eve;  e,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  i,ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  53 

Mor£ndo,  It.  (mo-rdn-do).     Dying  away. 

Mormorando,  ft.  (mor-mo-ran-do).    Very  soft,  subdued  tone. 

M6sso,  //.  (mos-so).     Moved. 

Motet.     A  sacred  composition  of  the  anthem  style. 

Motif,  Fr.  (mo-tef).     A  motive. 

Motive.     A  short  phrase  or  figure. 

M6tO,  //.  (mo-to).     Motion. 

Motteggiando,  //.  (m8t-tad-je-a«-do).     Bantering. 

Muance,  Fr.  (m\i-anAs).     A  change  or  variation  of  notes. 

Munter,  Ger.  (moon-ter).     Lively. 

Munterkeit,  Ger.  (moon-ter-kit).     Vivacity. 

Musica,  Lat.  (mu-si-ka),  and  It.  (wtfo-ze-k'a).^  . 

Musik,  Ger.  (moo-zik). 

Miita,  //.  (moo-ta).  Change.  A  term  much  used  in  orches- 
tral scores,  meaning  that  the  performer  is  to  change  the 
pitch  or  key  of  his  instrument. 

Mute.  A  contrivance  used  to  deaden  the  tone  of  an 
instrument. 

Math,  Ger.  (moot).     Spirit. 

Muthig,  Ger.  (moo-tig).     Spirited,  bold. 

Muthwillig,  Ger.  (moot-vft-lig).     Mischievous,  lively. 

Mutiren,  Ger.  (moo-#-r'n).     To  change  the  voice. 

Nach,  Ger.  (nakh).     After,  according  to,  at. 
Nachahmung,  Ger.  (nak-a-moongk).     Imitation. 
Nach  belieben,  Ger.  (nakh  be-#-b'n).     At  pleasure. 
Nach  dem  tact  spielen,  Ger.  (nakh  dem  takt  skpe-Yr\).    To 

play  in  time. 
Nach-druck,  Ger.  (na6A-drook).     Accent,  emphasis. 

Nachdriicklich,  Ger.  (wa'/fc/i-driik-Hkh.  \  _ 

-,..-,  .    c  Emphatic,  forcible. 

Nachdrucksam,  Ger.  (naikA-druk.-sa.rn).  ) 

6,  old ;  6,  odd ;  &,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French}. 


54  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Nachfolge,  Ger.  («a£A-fol-ghe).  Following  after,  succes- 
sion. 

Nach-hall,  Ger.  (ndkh-\\a.\\).     Reverberation,  echo. 

Nachklang,  Ger.  («a£A-klangk).     Echo. 

Nachklingen,  Ger.  («<z£A-kling-en).     To  echo,  to  resound. 

Nachlassend,  Ger.  (wa^-las-send).     Slackening. 

Nachschallen,  Ger.  (wa^-shal-1'n).     To  echo. 

Nachschlag,  Ger.  («a^-shlag).     An  after  beat. 

Nachsingen,  Ger.  (»a/k£-sing-en).     To  sing  after. 

Nachspiel,  Ger.  («<i'&&-shpel).     A  postlude. 

Nachstverwandte  tone,  Ger.  (n3.khst-iz*-vand-\&  z$-ne).  The 
nearest  related  keys. 

Nachtigall,  Ger.  («oM-tI-gall).     Nightingale. 

Nacht-musik,  Ger.  (ndkht-moo-z\\i).  Night-music;  a  serenade. 

Nachtstandchen,  Ger.  («a&^-shtand-kh'n).     A  serenade. 

Nacht-stiick,  Ger.  (»a££/-shtiik).     Night  piece;  a  nocturne. 

Nach  und  nach,  Ger.  (nakh  oond  nakh).    By  degrees. 

Naif,  Fr.  (na-ef).     ^ 

Naive,  Fr.  (n'a-ev).  >   Naive ;  unaffected. 

Naiv,  Fr.  (na-^).    ) 

Narrante,  It.  (nar-raw-te).     In  narrative  style. 

Natur,  Ger.  (na-toor).     Natural. 

Natural.     The  sign  ft 

Naturale,  It.  (na-too-ra-le).     Unaffected,  natural. 

Neapolitan  Sixth.  A  major  chord  founded  on  the  flat 
supertonic  of  any  key. 

Key  of  C  Major.  Key  of  C  Minor. 


a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  ill , 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  55 

Neben-note,  Ger.  («d-b'n-»J-te).     Auxiliary  note. 
Necessario,  It.  (na-ches-ja-re-6).      A  term   indicating  that 

the  passage  referred  to  must  not  be  omitted. 
Neglige'nte,  It.  (nal-ye^Vfw-te). 
Negli,  It.  («<?/-ye).  -| 
Nei,  It.  (na-e). 
Nel,  It.  (nil). 

Nell',  //.  (nal'l).       \-  In  the. 
Nella,  It.  (nal-la). 
Nelle,  It.  (nal-le). 
Nello,  //.  (nal-16). 
Nello  stesso  tempo,  //.  (nal-lo  stes-s5  tam-po).     In  the  same 

time. 
Nel  stilo  antico,  //.    (nal  ste-\o  an-/^-k5).      In  the  ancient 

style. 

Nel  te'mpo,  //.  (nal  tdm-po).    In  time;  in  the  previous  time. 
Net,  Fr.  (na).  >, 

Nett,  Ger.  (net). 

>  Neatly,  clearly. 
Nettam6nte,  It.  (net-ta-»z<?«-te).  f 

Nette,  Fr.  (net). 

Nettete\  Fr.  (net-ta). 

/    Neatness,    plainness,    clear- 
Nettheit,  Ger.  («#-h!t). 

ness 
Nettigkeit,  Ger.  («»-t!g-kit).  ) 

Ne*tto,  It.  (ndt-io).     Neat,  quick,  clear. 

Nicht,  Ger.  (nikht).     Not. 

Nicht  ZU  geschwind,  Ger.  (nikht  tsoo  ghe-sAvfnd).    Not  too 

quick. 
N6bile,  It.  («J-be-le).     Noble. 

Nobilme'nte,  It.  (no-bel-/«d«-te).  )    __  , , 

\  Nobly,  grandly. 
Noblement,  Fr.  (no-bl-man/fc).     J 

Noch,  ^^.(nokh).     Still,  yet. 

6,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  S,  but ;  u,  (French}. 


56  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Noel,  Fr.  (no-el).  A  carol  sung  usually  on  the  day  before 
Christmas  or  on  Christmas  eve  in  the  southern  part  of 
France. 

Non,  It.  (n5n).     Not. 

Nonet, 

_  /   A  composition  for  nine  voices  or 

Nonett,  Ger.  (no-w#).     } 

.,    \          instruments. 
Nonftto,  //.  (no-ndf-to).  > 

Nonuplet.  A  group  of  nine  notes  of  the  same  time-value, 
performed  in  the  time  proper  to  six  or  (more  generally) 
eight  of  the  same  kind  belonging  to  the  regular  rhythm. 

Nota,  Lat.  and  It.  (no-fa).     A  note. 

Nota  bu6na,  It.  (no-ta  boo-J-na).     An  accented  note. 

Notation.  The  art  of  expressing  musical  tones  or  ideas  by 
means  of  written  characters. 

Note.  The  character  used  to  represent  a  musical  tone  and 
its  time  value. 

Nuance,  Fr.  (nii-anAs).     A  term  referring  to  the  "  shading  " 
of  vocal  or  instrumental  music ;   the  change  of   time 
force,  and  expression  indicated   by  the  composer  or 
introduced  by  the  performer, 
^va).  ) 
0-vo).  ) 


Nu6va,  It.  (noo-J-va).  ^ 


Nu6vo,  It.  (noo-0-vo) 

0,  It.  Or. 

rtwi-   it.-    T    ,-L  ui-    •-  ->    }   Indispensable :    applied  to  a 
Obbhgati.  It.  (ob-ble-ea-te).  / 

,., , ..    ,.       ,    ._,  , ,_    ..  _.   >          temporary  solo  in  an  or- 
Obbhgdto,  //.  (ob-ble-ra-to).  V  ,_*__. 

chestral  work. 

Ober,  Ger.  (<>-ber).     Upper,  over,  higher. 

Ober-manual,  Ger.  (J-ber  ma-noo-a/).     The  upper  manual. 

Ober-stimme,  Ger.  (<^ber  sAttm-me).  )    _ 

/>v     ii.  •,    s-       ^-i."  ^  (   The  upper  part. 

Ober-theil,  Ger.  (o-ber-tfl). 

Obertura,  Sp.  (o-\xi-too-riC).     Overture. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  T,  ice  ;  i,  *'// ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  $? 

Ober-werk,  Ger.  (J-ber-vSrk).     The  upper  manual. 

Obligat,  Ger.  (6b-li-gat).  ) 

»     ,YL  ,-,./(    Obbhgato. 
Oblig6,  Fr.  (8b-le-zha).    ) 


Oblique  motion.     When  one  part  moves,  while  the  other 

remains  stationary. 

Obsiste'nte,  Sp.  (ob-sis-/J«-te).     Resounding. 
Ocio,  Sp.  (J-the-6).     Slowly.     With  ease. 
Octave.     The  interval  between  the  first  and  eighth  tones  of 

a  diatonic   scale.     An  interval  between  any  tone  and 

that  seven  degrees  above. 
Octet.  i 

Octette,  Fr.  (6k-tet).     I    A  composition  for  eight  voices  or 
Octuor,  Fr.  (ok-twor).  f         instruments. 
Oktett,  Ger.  (6k-///).   J 

Octochord.    )    . 

(   An  instrument  of  eight  strings. 
Octogenary.  ) 

Octuplet.  A  group  of  eight  notes  of  the  same  time-value, 
performed  in  the  time  proper  to  six  notes  of  the  same 
kind  belonging  to  the  regular  rhythm. 

Oder,  Ger.  (J-der).     Or,  or  else. 

Oeuvre,  Fr.  (ovr).     Work. 

Offen,  Ger.  (of-Pn).     Open,  parallel. 

Offenbar,  Ger.  (^/"-f'n-bar).     Open,  manifest. 

Ohne,  Ger.  (£-ne).     Without. 

Oktave,  Ger.  (6k-/£-fe).     Octave. 

Olio.     A  medley. 

Ombra,  It.  (om-bra).     Shading,  nuance. 

Omnes,  Lat.  (^-nes).  1   ^     See  Tutti. 

Omnia,  Lat.  (^w-ni-a).  ) 

Omnitonic.  A  term  used  to  designate  any  instrument  ca- 
pable of  producing  all  tones. 

6,  old  ;  8,  odd  ;  o,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but  ;  ii,  (French}. 


58  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 

Ondeggiame'nto,  //.  (6n-dad-je-a-w<f«-to).     An    undulating, 

quivering  sound ;  a  tremolo. 
Ondeggidnte,  It.  (6n-ata/-je-<i'«-te).     Trembling,  undulating, 

waving. 

Ondul6,  Fr.  (6n^-dii-/rtr).     Waving,  trembling. 
Onduliren,  Ger.  (on-doo-/^-r'n).     A  tremulous  tone. 
Ongare'se,  It,  (on-ga-rvf-ze).     Hungarian. 
Oppure,  It.  (op-/<w-re).     Or,  or  else. 
Opus,  Lat.  (o-pus).     A  work. 
Ordinario,  It.  (5r-de-«a-re-o).     Common,  ordinary. 
Organ-point.     Any   tone   sustained   or  repeated  against  a 

number  of  passing  chords  is  termed  an  organ-point  or 

pedal-point. 

Ornament.     An  embellishment,  a  grace. 
Ornatame'nte,  It.  (5r-na-ta-»wJ«-te).  )      Ornamented,  embel- 
Ornato,  It.  (5r-«a-t6).  )          lished. 

Orthisch,  Ger.  (or-tish).     High,  acute. 
Osservanza,    //.    (os-sar-z/aw-tsa).      Strictness    in    keeping 

time. 

Ossia,  It.  (os-se-'a).     Or ;  or  else. 
Ostinato,    It.  (6s-te-«a-to).     Obstinate;  thus  basso   ostinato 

denotes   a   ground  bass ;  that    is,  a  bass  which  is  re- 
peated again  and  again. 
Otez,  Fr.  (J-ta).     Off. 

Otium,  Lat.  (J-shi-um).     Slowly,  with  grace  and  ease. 
Ottava,  It.  (St-Aj-va).     Octave. 
Ott^tto,  It.  (ot-^Mo).     An  octet. 
Ott6ne,  //.  (ot-^J-ne).     Brass. 
Ou,  Fr.  (oo).     Or. 
Ouvert,  Fr.  (oo-vdr).     Open. 
Ow6ro,  It.  (ov-z/J-ro).     Or. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  care ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  59 

Pacatame"nte,  It.  (pa-ka-ta-wtfw-te).     Placidly,  quietly. 

Paean.     A  song  of  praise. 

Paraphrase.  A  rearrangement,  or  adaptation,  of  a  vocal 
or  instrumental  composition,  for  some  other  instrument 
or  combination  of  instruments,  with  such  embellish- 
ments and  variations  as  the  arranger  may  choose  to 
introduce. 

Parlando,  It.  (par-/a«-do).  A  style  of  singing  suggestive  of 
recitative  in  clearness  of  enunciation ;  in  spoken  style. 

Parte,  It.  (par-te).     Part. 

Partime'nto,  It.  (par-te-#zJ«-to).     A  figured  bass. 

Partition,  Fr.  (par-te-si-on/fc).  "j 

Partitur,  Ger.  (par-ti-Aw-r). 

v    ,A  score 
Partitiira,  Lat.  and  It.  (par-te-&>0-ra).  f 

Partizidne,  It.  (par-te-tse-0-ne).  J 

Part-writing.     The  art  of  combining  two  or  more  vocal 

or  instrumental  parts.     Sometimes  used  instead  of  the 

term  counterpoint. 
Paso  de  gargante,  Sp.  (pa-so  de  gar-£tf»-ta).     Trill  of  the 

voice. 

Passage.     A  repeated  figure.     A  section  of  a  composition. 
Passaggio,  //.  (pas-sad-je-6).     A  passage,   modulation,   or 

bravura  embellishment. 
Passing-notes.     Notes  foreign  to  the  chords  which   they 

accompany,   ascending   or   descending   in   diatonic    or 

chromatic   progression  from  one  essential  note    of   a 

chord  to  an  essential  note  of  the  following  chord. 
Passionatame'nte,  It.  (pas-se-5-na-ta-w<?«-te).     Passionately. 
Passionate,  It.  (pas-se-6-wa-to).     Impassioned. 
Passi6ne,  It.  (pas-se-^-ne).     Fervent  emotion. 
Passionne*,  Fr.  (pas-se-on-na).     Passionate. 

6,  old ;  o,  odd ;  o,  done ;  oo,moon ;  \\,lute ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


60  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Pasticcio,  //.  (pas-/<?Ache-6).    )    A  medley  composed  of  ex- 
Pastiche,  Fr.  (pas-tesA).          )    cerpts  from  various  operas. 

1     A    vocal    or    instrumental 

Pastoral,  .  .  „   .    , 

Pastorale,  //.  (P*s-t5-,*-le).     [     compo^tion  generally  m  i, 

Pastorelle,  Fr.  (pas-toW/).  f'°r  V  tirae'  *nd  of  ^ 

J       ral  or  pastoral  character. 

Pas  trop  lent,  Fr.  (pa  tro  lan^).     Not  too  slow. 

PatStica,  //.  (pa-M-te  ka).     Pathetic. 

Pateticame*nte,  It.  (pa-ta-te-ka-*w<?«-te).     Pathetically. 

Pat^ico,  //.  (pa-M-te-ko).      ) 

Path^tique,  Fr.  (pa-^-tek).  ) 

Pathe'tiquement,  Fr.  (pa-M-tek-man>^).     Pathetically. 

Pathetisch,  Ger.  (pa-tet-ish).     Pathetic. 

Patim^nto,  It.  (pa-te-wa«-to).     Grief. 

Paulatinam^nte,  It.  (pa-oo-la-^-na-wJw-te).     Gently. 

Pausa,  It.  (pa-oo-za).    Pause.    A  hold  expressed  by  the  sign 

/TN,  which  denotes  that   the   note   or  rest  over  which 

it  is  placed  is  to  be  prolonged  at  the  pleasure  of  the 

performer. 

Paventato,  /A  (pa-ven-^o-to).     Afraid,  fearful. 
Pavent6so,  It.  (pa-ven-/fj-z5).     In  a  style  expressive  of  fear. 
Pean.     A  paean ;  a  song  of  praise. 

Pedale,  It.  (pa-o^-le),  Ger.  (pe-a£-le),  and  Fr.  (pa-</«/).  Pedal. 
Peddle  d6ppio,  It.  (pa-</a-le  dcp-pe-o).     Double  pedals. 
P6dale  a  chaque  accord,  Fr.  (pa-</<i7  i  shak  ak-k8r).      Pedal 

with  each  chord. 
Pedal-point.     Organ  point. 

Pens6so,  It.  (pen-w-zo).  )    „ 

.    f   Contemplative,  pensive. 
Pensieroso,  It.  (pen-se-a-rtf-zo).  ) 

Per,  It.  (par).     Through,  from,  in,  for,  by. 
Percant,  Fr.  (per-san^).     Piercing. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  \,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  6 1 


Perdendo,  It.  (par-^«-do).         )        .      aw        morendo. 

Perdend6si,  It.  (par-dan-</J-ze).  ) 

Perpetuo,  It.  (par-pa-Aw-o).     Perpetual. 

Pesante,  It.  (pe-axw-te).     Heavy,  firm. 

Pesantem£nte,  //.  (pe-zan-te-*«5«-te).    Heavily,  impressively. 

Petite,  Fr.  (pe-te).     Small. 

Peu,  Fr.  (puh).     Little. 

Peu  a  peu,  Fr.  (puh  a  puh).     Little  by  little. 

Pe"zzi,  //.  (pat-se).     Detached  pieces  of  music. 

Pe"zzo,  It.  (pat-so).    A  piece. 

Phantasie,  Ger.  (fa.n-ta.-ze).     Fantasia. 

Phantasie-stucke,  Ger.  (fan-ta-z<?-shtuk).  A  composition 
having  the  style  and  character  of  a  fantasia. 

Phantasiren,  Ger.  (fan-ta-z^-r'n).     Improvising. 

Philharmonic,  Gr.  (fil-har-/w^«-ik).   Lovingharmony  or  music. 

Phrasing.  The  proper  rendition  of  a  composition  with  re- 
gard to  the  relative  importance,  melodic  and  rhythmic 
character,  of  its  phrases. 

Piac£re,  It.  (pe-'a-^<?-re).  According  to  the  performer's  de- 
sire. "  At  pleasure." 

PiaceVole,  It.  (pe-a-^J-vo-le).     Smooth,  suave. 

Piacevolme'nte,  (pe-a-che-vol-#zJ«-te).     Smoothly. 

Piacime'ntO,  It.  (pe-a-che-wz^-to).     The  same  as  Piacere. 

Pian^tto,  It.  (pe-'a-«<f/-to).     Very  low,  very  soft. 

Piang^ndo,  //.  (pe-a-^>ar«-do).  -\ 

Flange1  vole,  It.  (pe-'an-£v?-vo-le).  >   Plaintive. 

Piangevolme'nte,  It.  (pe-an-ga-vol-»/<?«-te).  ) 

Pianissimo   It.  (pe-an-fr-se-mo).     Very  soft. 

Piano,  It.  (pe-o-no).     Soft. 

Piccant^ria,  con,  It.  (pe-kan-^-re-a).  With  sprightly,  pi- 
quant expression. 

6,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  ii,  (PrencK). 


62  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 


Picchettato,  It.  (pe-ket-Az-to). 
Picchiettato,  It.  (pe-ke-et-*i'-t6). 


Slightly  detached.  The 
mezzo-staccato  in  vio- 
lin-playing expressed 
by  staccato  dots  over 
which  is  placed  a  slur. 
Notes  so  marked  are 
to  be  played  in  one 
bow. 
Piccolo,  It.  (/.f-ko-lo).  Small. 

Piece,  Fr.  (pi-ds).    A  piece Suite  de  pieces,  a  collec 

tion  of  pieces. 
Pieds,  Fr.  (pi-d).     Feet. 
PiSna,  It.  (pe-J-na).  )   f^ 
PiSno,  It.  (pe-<f-no).  > 
Pigta,  It.  (pe-<f-ta).     Pity,  tenderness. 
Pietosame'nte,  It.  (pe-a-t5-za-7w<?«-te).     Tenderly. 
Piet6so,  It.  (pe-a-A?-z6).     Tender. 

Pince",  Fr.  (pan^-sa).    i.  Plucked  or  twanged  by  the  fingers, 
as  the  strings  of  a  harp  or  guitar.    2.  Pizzicato  in  violin- 
playing.     3.  A  mordent. 
Pique",  Fr.  (pi-&f ).     See  Picchettato. 
Pitch.     The  place  a  tone  occupies  in  the  musical  scale. 
Pittorico,  It.  (pet-to-r<?-ko).     Embellished. 
Piu,  It.  (pe-oo).     More. 
Piu  le"nto,  It.  (pe-oo  /<f«-to).     More  slowly. 
Piu  t6sto,  It.  (pe-oo  fos-to).     Rather. 

Pizzicato,  It.  (pet-se-M-to).     A  term  used  in  music  for  bow- 
instruments  (violin,  violoncello),  directing  the  performer 
to  play  that  portion  of  the  music  so  marked  by  pluck- 
ing the  strings  with  the  finger. 
Placenterame'nte,  It.  (pla-chen-ter-a-*w<f«-te).     Joyfully 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  /'//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  63 

Placidamente,  //.  (pl'a.-cAe-d'a. -mdn-te).     Calmly,  smoothly. 

Placido,  It.  (/)/a-che-do).     Calm,  tranquil. 

Placito,  It.  (//a-che-to).     Pleasure.    Ad  libitum.         [tonic. 

Plagal  cadence.     The  subdominant  triad  followed  by  the 

Plainte,  Fr.  (planet).     A  lament. 

Plaintif,  Fr.  (plan^-tef).     Plaintive,  doleful.  [tions. 

Plaisanteries,  Fr.  (pla-zan^-t're).     Amusing,  light  composi- 

Plaqu6,    Fr.    (pla-&?).      Struck    together.  .  .  .  Un   accord 

plaque,  an  unbroken  chord. 
Plaquer,  Fr.  (pla-ka).     To  strike  at  once. 
Plarren,   Ger.   (fldr-r'n).     To  sing  monotonously ;  to  sing 

with  a  hoarse  or  cracked  voice. 
Plauso,  It.  (pla-oo-zo).     Applause. 
Plus,  Fr.  (plii).     More. 

Plus  anim£,  Fr.  (plii  sa-ne-ma).     With  more  animation. 
Plus  lentement,  Fr.  (plii  lan^t-man^).    Slower,  more  slowly. 
Pochettino,  It.  (po-ket-A?-n6).  \ 
PochettO,  It.  (p6-&»-to).          >   A  little. 
Pochino,  It.  (po-te-no). 

Pochissimo,  It.  (po-kes-j^-mo).     As  little  as  possible. 
P6CO,  //.  (/J-k5).     Little. 

P6co  a  p6co,  It.  (po-ko  a  po-ko).     Little  by  little. 
Poggiato,  It.  (pod-je-a-to).     Leaned  or  dwelt  upon. 
P6i,  It.  (po-e).     Then,  thereafter. 
Poi  a  poi,  It.  (po-e  a  po-e).     By  degrees. 
Point,  Fr.  (pwanA).     A  dot.  [hold.    /r\ 

Point  d'arret,  de  repos,  Fr.  (pwan/5  d'ar-rat  diih  repo).     A 
Point  final,  Fr.  (pwan^  ie-ndl).     The  last  pause. 
Point  d'orgue,  Fr.  (pwan/fc  d'org).    A  hold;  a  cadenza;  an 

organ-point. 
Points  detaches,  Fr.  (pwan/fc  da-td-sha).     Staccato-dots. 

o,  old ;  o,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French), 


64  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Pointe,  Fr.  (pwant).  i.  In  violin-playing,  the  head  or  point 
of  the  bow.  2.  In  organ-playing,  the  toe. 

Pointer,  Fr.  (pwanA-ta).    To  perform  staccato. 

Polyphonic  (p61-i/^«-ik).     Contrapuntal. 

Polyphony  (pS-^-o-ny).    Counterpoint  in  the  broadest  sense. 

Pompos,  Ger.  (pom-/&).     Pompous,  majestic. 

Pomposame'nte,  It.  (p8m-po-za-w<f«-te).  In  a  pompous  or 
dignified  style. 

Pomp6so,  It.  (pom-/0-zo).     Dignified,  pompous. 

Ponctuation,  Fr.  (ponc-tii-a-tse-Sn/fc).     Phrasing. 

Ponctuer,  Fr.  (ponc-tii-a).     To  phrase. 

Ponder6so,  It.  (pon-deVJ-z5).     Heavy ;  strongly  marked. 

Ponticello,  It.  (p6n-te-^J/-lo).  The  bridge  of  a  bow- 
instrument.  .  .  .  Sul  ponticello,  play  near  the  bridge. 

Portamento,  It.  (por-ta-»zJ»-t6).  A  gliding  from  one  tone 
to  another,  which  causes  the  intermediate  tones  to  be 
slightly  heard. 

Portando  la  v6ce,  It.  (por-/tf«-do  la  w-che).  Sustaining  the 
voice ;  similar  to  portamento. 

Portdta,  It.  (por-to'-ta).     Staff. 

Portdto,  It.  (por-to'-to).     Sustained. 

Port  de  voix,  Fr.  (port  duh  vwa).     Portamento. 

Porter  la  voix,  Fr.  (por-ta  la  vwa).     To  carry  the  voice. 

Posato,  It.  (po-20-to).     Dignified. 

Pos6ment,  fr.  (po-tJ-manA).     Posato. 

Poser  la  voix,  Fr.  (po-sa-la  vwa).  A  direction  for  a  vocalist 
to  attack  the  tone  with  clearness  and  precision. 

Positif,  Fr.  (po-ze-tef).     Choir-organ. 

Possibile,  It.  (pos-jr-be-le).     Possible. 

Postlude  (/£tf-lude).  An  organ  composition  played  at  the 
close  of  a  church-service ;  an  after-piece. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  65 

Pot-pourri,  Fr.  (pot-poor-re).     A  medley. 

Pousse",  Fr.  (poos-sa).     Up-bow. 

Prachtig,  Ger.  (pr$kh-\.\g).     Grand,  majestic,  dignified. 

Pralltriller,  Ger.  (pral-tril-ler).     An  inverted  mordent. 

Praludium,  Ger.  (pra-Aw-di-oom).     A  prelude. 

Prazis,  Ger.    (pra-tsis).     Exact,  precise. 

Precentor.     Director  of  a  choir. 

Precipitamente,  It.  (pra-che-pe-ta-w5«-te).     Hurriedly. 

Precipitando,  //.  (pra-che-pe-Am-do).     Hurrying. 

Precipitate,  It.  (pra-che-pe-&z-to).     Hurried. 

Precipitazi6ne,  It.  (pra-che-pe-tat-se-J-ne).     Precipitation. 

Precipite",  Fr.  (pra-j^-pi-ta).     Hurried. 

Precipit6so,  It.  (pra-che-pe-A^zo).     Precipitous. 

Precisi6ne,  It.  (pra-che-ze-J-ne).     Precision. 

Preclso,  It   (pra.-cAe-zo) .     Precise,  exact. 

Prefacion,  Sp.  (pra-fa-the-J«).     )   _ 

__  ,     ..  .    (  Preface,  introduction. 

PrefaziOne,  It.  (pra-fa-tse-J-ne).  ) 

Preghi6ra,  It.  (pra-ghe-a-ra).     A  prayer.     The  title  of  mod- 
ern salon  pieces  of  a  devotional  character. 

A  prelude.  Any  piece 
of  music  forming  an 
introduction  to  a  more 
extended  movement, 


Prelude,  Fr.  (pre-liid). 
Preludlo,  It.  (pre-loo-^-o). 
Praeludium,  Lat.  (pre-/w-de-um). 


as  an  overture  to  an 
oratorio  or  opera;  also 
the  title  of  certain 
pieces  for  the  organ 
and  pianoforte  which 
are  independent  com- 
positions. 
Premier,  Fr.  (prem-i-J).  First. 

6,  old ;  5,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French) < 


66  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 

Premier  dessus,  Fr.  (prem-1-dr  des-sii).     First  soprano. 
Premiere,  Fr.  (prem-e-dr).    The  first  public  performance  of 

a  work. 

Premiere  fois,  Fr.  (prem-e-Jr  fwa).     First  time. 
PrSsa,  It.   (prd-sa).     The  signs  indicating  the  entrance  of 

each  part  of  a  canon  •$.  :g;  -g.  +  *. 
Pressante,  It.  (pres-san-&).     Accelerando,  stringendo. 
Pressez,  Fr.  (pres-sa.).     Accelerando,  stringendo. 
Pressez  un  peu,  Fr.  (pres-sa  anA  po).     Poco  stringendo. 
Pressirend,  Ger.  (pres-j«'-rend).     Hurrying. 
Pressure  tone.     A  sudden  crescendo. 
Prestame'nte,  //.  (pres-ta-;»<?«-te).     Hurriedly. 
Preste"zza,  It.  (pres-/a/-sa).     Rapidity. 

Prestissimam£nte,  It.  (pres-tes-se-ma-/w  J«-te).  )    As  fast  as 
Prestissimo,  It.  (pres-/«-se-mo).  )       possible. 

Presto,  It.  (prds-to).     Fast.    Faster  than  allegro  but  slower 

than  prestissimo. 

Pre'sto  assai,  //.  (prds-to  as-sa-e).     Very  fast. 
Presto,   ma   non   trdppo,   It.    (prds-to   ma   non    trop-po). 

Quick,  but  not  too  much  so. 
Priere,  Fr.  (pre-Jr).     Prayer. 
Prima,  It.  (pre-m£).     First. 
Prima  donna,  It.  (pre-mi  dSn-r&).     The  leading  soprano 

singer  in  an  opera. 

Prima  parte  repetita,  It.  (prt-ma.  par-te  ra.-pe-te-ta).     Re- 
peat the  first  part. 

Prima  vista,  It.  (pre-mi.  ves-ta).     At  first  sight. 
Prima  v61ta,  It.  (pre-m&  z/J/-ta).     The  first  time. 
Prime.     The   key-note   or  tonic.      Also  used   in   place   of 

unison. 
Primo,  It.  (pre-m5).     First. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  ill; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  6/ 

Prim-tone,  Ger.  (prfm-tS-nz').    Fundamental  tones,  or  notes. 

Principalme'nte,  //.  (pren-che-pal-#z<J»-te).  Principally, 
chiefly. 

Principal  voices.     Soprano  and  bass. 

Principiante,  ft.  (pren-che-pe-aw-te).     A  beginner. 

Principle,  ft.  (pren-c^-pe-o).     First  time,  beginning. 

Prise  du  sujet,  Fr.  (pres  dii  sii-zha).  Entrance  of  the  sub- 
ject. 

Proasma.     An  introduction,  or  a  short  symphony. 

Probe,  Ger.  (fira-be).     Rehearsal. 

Produce*nte,  It.  (pr5-doo-<r^a»-te).     Fifth  tone  of  the  scale. 

Promptement,  Fr.  (pron/fct-manA).     Promptly,  quickly. 

Pr6nta,  It.  (pron-ta.).     Prompt. 

Prontame'nte,  It.  (pron-ta-wtfw-te).     Promptly. 

Pr6nto,  //.  (pro»-to).     Prompt. 

Pronunziato,  It.  (pro-noon-tse-£-to).     Pronounced. 

Prop6sta,  It.  (pro-pos-ta.).     The  subject  of  a  fugue. 

Proslambanomenos,  Gr.  (pros-lam-ba-w^-e-nos).  The  low- 
est note  in  the  Greek  system. 

Pr6va,  It.  (pro-va.).     Rehearsal. 

Pulse.     A  beat  or  accent. 

Punctum,  Lat.  (/^w^-tum).  An  ancient  name  for  note, 
meaning  point. 

Punctum  contra  punctum,  Lat.  (punk-idm  kSn-tra. punk- 
tum).  Point  against  point ;  counterpoint. 

Punctus,  Lat.  (/*/«£-tus).  ) 

\  A  dot,  a  point. 
Punkt,  Ger.  (poonkt).          ) 

Punta,  It.  (poon-tai).     The  point,  the  top. 
Punta  d'  arco,  ft.  (poon-te  d'ar-ko).     Point  of  the  bow. 
Puntato,  //.  (poon-/a-to).     Pointed,  detached,  staccato'd. 
PuntO,  It.  (poon-to).     A  dot,  a  point. 

o,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  U,  (French). 


68  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Quadrat,  Ger.  (kwad-raV).     A  natural  ft 
Quadrate,  ft.  (kwad-ro-to).     The  note  B  in  the  natural  or 
diatonic  scale. 

n     j  •  „   -  «    \  •)   A  quartet  ;  a  com- 

Ouadncmium,  Lat.  (kwad-n-jf«-i-um).  / 
A     a  •     _x/A      r-     ,1  ••  j   •    ••  ?       position   in    four 

Quadripartite,  Fr.  (ka.d-n-pa.r-M).       ( 

*        p3.rts. 

Quadro,  It.  (kwa-dro).     A  natural  ft. 

Quadruple  counterpoint.     Counterpoint  in   four  invertible 

parts. 

Quadruple  time.     Four  beats  to  a  measure. 
Quadruplet.     A  group  of  four  equal  notes  intended  to  be 

performed  in  the  time  of  three  or  six  of  the  same  time- 

value  in  the  regular  rhythm. 
Quart.     The  interval  of  a  fourth. 

Quarta,  Lat.  and  It.  (guar-ia).  1   Fourth.    The  inter- 

Quarte,  Ger.  (Jhoar-te),  and  Fr.  (kart).  J       val  of  a  fourth. 
Quasi,  Lat.  and  It.  (gua-ze).     Nearly,  like  ;  as  if. 
Quatre,  Fr.  (katr).        ) 
Quattro,  It.  (kwat-tro).  ) 
Quatuor,  Fr.  (M-tu-6r).     A  quartet. 
Quaver.     An  eighth  note. 

Quedo,  Sp.  (M-do).     Softly,  gently,  in  a  low  voice. 
Querimonia,  Lat.  (quer-i-wJ-ni-a).    A  religious  cantata  of 

a  dolorous  cast. 


QuSsto,  //.  (kwas-io). 

Queue,  Fr.  (kiih).     "Tail."     Stem  of  a  note.     A  tailpiece. 

Quiebro,  Sp.  (ke-a-bro).     A  shake  or  trill. 

Quie'to,  It.  (kwe-^-to).     Quiet,  calm. 

Quinque,  Lat.  (quin-que).     Five. 

Quint,  Lat.  (quint).     The  interval  of  a  fifth. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  i,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  T,  ill  : 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  69 

Quint-absatz,  Ger.  (kwmt-ab-satz).     An  imperfect  cadence 

on  the  dominant. 

Quinte,  Fr.  (kan^t)  and  Ger.  (kwin-te).     Fifth.     Treble. 
Quint-saite,  Ger.  (kwint-si-te).     The  E-string  of  a  violin. 
Quintuor,  Fr.  (kwin-tii-or).     A  quintet. 
Quintuple  time.     Five  beats  to  a  measure. 
Quintuplet.     A   group   of  five   notes   of  the   same   time- 

value  performed  in  the  time  of  four  of  the  same  kind  in 

the  regular  rhythm. 

Rabbia,  It.  (ra^-be-a).     Rage,  frenzy. 

Raccourcir,  Fr.  (ra-coor-ser).     To  abridge. 

Racleur,  Fr.  (ra-klur).     A  poor  player. 

Raddolcendo,  It.  (rad-dol-<:M«-d5).   }    Gradually  softer, 

Raddolce'nte,  //.  (rad-dol-^a«-te).     )       calmer. 

Raddolcito,  It.  (rad-dol-f^-to).     Calmer,  gentler. 

Raddoppiate  n6te,  It.  (rad-dop-pe-a-te  «<?-te).     Repeated  or 

reiterated  notes. 

Raggione,  It.  (rad-je-J-ne).     Ratio,  proportion. 
Rallentamento,  //.  (ral-len-ta-wJw-to).  )    Gradually  slacken- 
Rallentando,  It.  (ral-len-&jf«-do).  )       ing  the  tempo. 

Rallentato,  ft.  (ral-len^-to). 


Rallentdre,  It.  (ral-len-^a-re). 

Range.     Compass  of  a  voice  or  instrument. 

Rapidame'nte,  It.  (ra-pe-da-*«<7«-te)  .     Rapidly. 

Rapidita,  //.  (ra-/^-de-ta).     Rapidity. 

Rapido,  //.  (rd-pe-do).     Rapid. 

Rasch,  Ger.  (rash).     Swift,  rapid. 

Rascher,  Ger.  (rasch-er).     Faster. 

Rattenendo,  //.  (rat-te-«a-«-do). 

Rattenuto,  //.  (rat-te-«<w-to). 

6,  old  ;  o,  odd  ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but  ;u,(  French) 


7O  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Rattezza,  It.  (rat-/^-sa).     Speed,  rapidity. 

Raucedine,  It.  (ra-oo-che-^-ne).     Hoarseness. 

Rauco,  It.  (ra-oo-ko).     Hoarse,  harsh. 

Rauh,  Ger.  (rowh).     Rough,  harsh,  hoarse. 

Rauscher,  Ger.  (r0w-scher).     A  rapidly  repeated  note. 

Ravvivdndo  il  tempo,  It.  (rav-ve-z>£«-do  el  tam-po).  Ac- 
celerating the  tempo. 

Ray.  This  syllable  is  used  in  place  of  Re  in  the  Tonic 
Sol-fa  system. 

Re.  Name  of  the  note  D  in  Italy,  etc.  The  second  degree 
of  the  diatonic  scale. 

Re1  be'mol,  Fr.  (ra  ba-mol).     The  note  Db. 

Recht,  Ger.  (rekht).     Right. 

Recht  hand,  Ger.  (rekt  hand).     Right  hand. 

R£cit,  Fr.  (ra-se).  An  instrumental  or  vocal  solo  part.  The 
principal  part  in  a  piece  of  concerted  music. 

Recitando,  //.  (ra-che-/£«-do). 


,    In  declamatory  style. 
Recitante,  It.  (ra-che-te«-te).   ) 

Re'citant.  Fr.  (ra-se-tanA).    ) 

,  .  \_  • '?  One  who  plays  or  sings  a  solo. 

Recitante,  Fr.  (ra-se-tante.)) 

R^citatif ,  Fr.  (ra.-se-ta.-tef).         \    Recitative ;  musical  decla- 
Recitativ,  Ger.  (ret-si-Ai'-tif).  mation ;  a  style  of  de- 

Recitativo,  ft.  (ra-che-ta-A?-vo).  )          clamatory  singing. 
Recte,  Lot.  (r/£-te).     Right,  straight,  forward. 
Recte  et  retro,  Lat.  (rek-te  et  r<f-tro).     Forward,  then  back- 
ward ;  the  subject  or  melody  reversed,  note  for  note. 
Re"  diese,  Fr.  (ra  di-dz).     The  note  D  1 
Redfta,  It.  (ra-<#-ta). 


Reddfta,  //.  (red-^-ta).  J   A  repeat 
Redondilla,  Sp.  (ra-don-del-ya).     A  roundelay. 
Redublicato,  //.  (re-doob-le-^a-to).     Redoubled. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice ;  i,  /'//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  /I 

R£fl£chir,  Fr.  (ra-fla-sher).  To  throw  back,  to  rever- 
berate. 

Refrain.  A  burden  or  chorus  sung  after  each  stanza  of  a 
song. 

Registration.  The  theory  and  practice  of  using  and  com- 
bining the  various  stops  of  an  organ. 

Rein,  Cer.  (rin).     Pure,  clear,  perfect. 

Reine  stimme,  Ger.  (rf-ne  sAtfm-me).     Clear  voice. 

Religiosame'nte,     It.    (re-le-je-6-za-»z<?«-te).  )    Devoutly,   re- 

Religi6so,  It.  (re-le-je-J-zo).  )          ligiously. 

Rentree,  Fr.  (ran^-tra).     Reentrance  of  a  part  or  theme. 

Renvoi,  Fr.  (ranA-vwa).  The  sign  ^?  denoting  that  the  per- 
former must  return  to  and  repeat  from  a  similar  sign. 

•\  Repercussion ; 

Repercotimento,  It.  (re-par-ko-te-»»J«-to).  / 

_                                                                        >  the  answer,  in 

Repercussio,  Lot.  (rep-er-^j-si-o).                \  . 

J  a  fugue. 

Repercussion.     A  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  sound. 

RSpercuter,  Fr.  (ra-per-/tw-ta).  To  repercuss,  to  rever- 
berate. 

Repetatur,  Lat.  (rep-e-^'-tur).     Let  it  be  repeated. 

Repetieren,  Ger.  (ra-pa-te-r'n).     To  repeat. 

Repetizi6ne,  It.  (re-pa-te-tse-^-ne).     Repetition. 

Replica,  It.  (r<f-ple-ka).     A  repeat. 

Replicato,  //.  (rep  le-/&a-to).     Repeated. 

Replicate.  A  tone  one  or  more  octaves  higher  or  lower 
than  a  given  tone. 

Replicazi6ne,  It.  (rep-le-ka-tse-<?-ne).     Repetition. 

Repondre,  Fr.  (ra-ponAdr).     To  respond,  to  answer. 

RSpOns,  Fr.  (ra-pon^s).     An  answer. 

Re'ponse,  Fr.  (ra-pon^s).     An  answer. 

Repos,  Fr.  (riih-po).     A  pause. 

5,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6, done ;  oo«  moon  ;  \i,lute ;  u,6uf ; ii,  (French}. 


72  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Reprise,  Fr.  (riih  prez).  The  burden  of  a  song ;  a  repeti 
tion,  or  return,  to  some  previous  part. 

Requiebro,  Sp.  (ra-ke-<f-bro).     A  trill  of  the  voice. 

ResoliitO,  //.  (res-6-/0o-t6).     See  Risoluto. 

Rest.  The  character  used  to  indicate  an  interval  of 
silence  between  two  tones. 

ReVeille,  Fr.  (ra-z/J-ye).  Awaking;  signal  given  by  drum 
to  soldiers  at  dawn. 

Rhythm.  Rhythm  in  music  is  tone-movement  produced 
by  sounding  in  succession  two  or  more  tones  of  equal 
or  unequal  time-value.  One  tone  cannot  of  itself  pro- 
duce rhythm,  but  being  followed  by  one  or  more  tones 
there  results  a  rhythm  exhibiting  the  relative  time-value 
of  the  tones  employed.  When  a  motive  or  group  is  re- 
peated many  times  in  the  course  of  a  composition  and 
at  regular  intervals,  the  resulting  rhythm  is  called  by 
the  name  of  the  composition  in  which  it  is  used;  as 
the  rhythms  peculiar  to  the  march,  waltz,  polka,  ma- 
zurka, and  polonaise.  Musical  rhythm  may  or  may  not 
be  accented;  music  for  the  organ,  for  example,  does 
not  admit  of  accent. 

Ribattime'ntO,  It,  (re-bat-te-»z£«-t6).  Repercussion,  rever- 
beration. 

Ribbattuta,  //.  (rir>bat-/to?-ta).     A  kind  of  trill. 


Ricantare,  //.  (re-kan-Ai'-re).     To  sing  again. 

Ricordanza,  It.  (re-kor-</a«-tsa).    Remembrance,  recollection. 

RigO,  //.  (re-go).     The  staff. 

Rig6re,  It.  (re-,fJ-re).     Rigor,  strictness. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  &,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  73 

Rilasciando,  It.  (re-la-she-<z«-d5).  )    „  ., 

\  Rallentando. 
Rilasciante,  It.  (re-la-she-a«-te).    > 

Rimette'ndo,  It.  (re-met-/if«-do).  Holding  back,  or  retard- 
ing the  tempo. 

Rinforzame'nto,  It.  (ren-for-tsa-wJw-to).     Reinforcement. 

Rinforzando,  //.  (ren-f 5r-tsan-do) .  Strengthening,  empha- 
sizing. 

Rinforzare,  It.  (ren-for-tai'-re).   To  reinforce;  to  emphasize. 

Rinforzato,  It.  (ren-for-taz-to).  With  special  emphasis, 
when  used  for  a  single  tone  or  chord  ;  sudden  increase 
in  loudness,  when  used  for  a  short  passage  or  phrase. 

Rinf6rzo,  It.  (ren-fir-tso).     Strengthened. 

Rintronato,  It.  (ren-tro-«a-to).     Resounded,  reechoed. 

Ripetizidne,  //.  (re-pe-te-tse-^ne).     Repetition. 

Ripi^no,  It,  (re-pe-J-no).     Equivalent  to  Tutti. 

Ripigliare,  It.  (re-pel-ye-<i'-re).     To  resume. 

Ripigliando,  It.  (re-pel-ye-a»-do).     Resuming. 

Riposatam^nte,  It.  (re-po-za-ta-wzJw-te).     Restfully. 

Riposato,  It.  (re-p5-za-to).     Restful. 

Rip6so,  It.  (re-/J-zo).     Rest,  repose. 

Riposta,  It.  (re-/Jj-ta).     Repeat. 

Riprende're,  //.  (re-pren-</5-re).     To  resume. 

Riprenddndo,  It.  (re-pren-^Jw-do).     Resuming. 

Ripr^sa,  It.  (re-prd-zz).    A  reprise  or  repeat.     The  sign  ^ 

Risentito,  It.  (re-sen-/£-to).     Vigorous,  energetic. 

Risolutam^nte,  It.  (re-zo-loo-ta-»z5«-te).     With  energy. 

Risolut^zza,  It.  (re-zo-loo-/^-sa).     Resolution. 

Risolutissimo,  It.  (re-z6-loo-/£r-se-m5).     Very  energetic. 

RisolutO,  It.  (re-z5-/00-to).     Energetic,  decided. 

Risoluzi6ne,  It.  (re-zo-loo-tse-J-ne) .     Energy,  decision. 

Risondnte,  It.  (re-zo-»a«-te).     Resounding,  ringing. 

6,  old ;  5,  odd ;  6,  done ;  oo,  moon  ;  li,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French}. 


74  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Risp6sta,  It.  (res-/0j-ta).  The  answer  in  a  fugue ;  conse- 
quent  in  a  canon. 

Ristre'tro,  //.  (re-strat-to).     A  stretto. 

Risvegliare,  It.  (res-val-ye-a-re).     To  awaken,  to  animate. 

Risvegliito,  It.  (res-val-ye-a-to).     Animated,  lively. 

Ritardando,  It.  (re-tar-^/aw-do).     Decreasing  in  speed. 

Ritarddto,  It.  (re-tar-^a-to) .     Decreased  in  speed. 

Ritardo,  It.  (re-tar-do).     Decrease  in  speed. 

Ritengndo,  It.  (re-te-«£«-do).  )    Holding  back. 

Ritene"nte,  //.  (re-te-«J«-te).    5   The  same  as  Rallentando. 

Ritenuto,  It.  (re-ta.-noo-to).  Held  back,  in  slower  tempo. 
Much  used  incorrectly  for  rallentando. 

Ritmo,  It.  (ret-mo).     Rhythm. 

Rftmo  di  due  battiite,  It.  (ret-mo  de  doo-e  bat-^o-te).  A 
two-measure  rhythm. 

Rftmo  di  tre  battiite,  //.  (ret-mo  de  tra  bat-/w-te).  A  three- 
measure  rhythm. 

Ritornando,  //.  (re-tor-«a«-do).     Returning. 

Ritorndre,  It.  (re-tor-«a-re).     To  return. 

}An  instrumental  prelude 
interlude,  or  postlude  to 
accompanied  vocal  works. 
A  repeat.  The  refrain  of 
a  song. 

Riverberame'nto,  It.  (re-var-be-ra-wzrtw-to).     Reverberation. 
Rive'rso,  It.  (re-vdr-so).     Reversed.     Retrograde. 
Rivolgime'ntO,    It.    (re-v61-ye-7»<?#-t6).      Inversion  of    the 

parts  in  invertible  counterpoint. 
RivoltdtO,  //.  (re-v5l-/a-t5).     Inverted. 
Riv61to,  It.  (re-^/-to).     Inversion. 
Robato,  It.  (ro-3a-to).     Robbed,  borrowed. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  i,  ice  ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  75 

Robustaaie'nte,  It.  (ro-boos-ta-0z<?«-te).     Boldly  and  firmly. 

Robusto,  It.  (ro-60os-to).     Bold  and  firm. 

Roccoco,  It.  (ro-&o-ko).     Odd,  old-fashioned. 

Roche,  It.  (ro-ke).     Hoarse,  rough-sounding. 

Roche'zza,  It.  (r6-&?/-sa).     Hoarseness. 

R6co,  It.  (ro-ko).     Hoarse. 

Roc6co,  It.  (ro-/£J-k6).     Rococo. 

Rohr-werk,  Ger.  (rdr-v&rk).     Reed- work.     A  term  given  to 

all  of  the  reed  stops  in  an  organ. 
Ronde,  Fr.  (rond).     A  whole  note. 
Ronquedad,  Sp.  (ron-ke-dad ).     Hoarseness. 
Ronzame'nto,  It.  (r5a-tsa-/nJ«-to).     Humming,  buzzing. 
Root.     The  note  on  which  a  chord  is  constructed,  and  from 

which  the  chord  receives  its  letter-name.    For  example, 

in  the  chord  of  G,  the  root  is  G. 

A  melodic  form  composed  of  a 
figure  or  phrase  repeated  sev- 

Rosalia,  It.  (rew^ya).  eral  times' each  rePetition  tak- 

Rosalie,  Ger.  (ro-za-le). 

above  the  preceding  one ;  the 

repetitions  may  also  occur  on 
any  degree. 

Rossign61er,  Fr.  (ro-sen-jj/J-la).  To  imitate  the  song  of  the 
nightingale. 

Rot6ndo,  It.  (ro-AJ«-do).  Full,  round.  Pertaining  to 
tone. 

R6tte,  It.  (rot-te).     Broken,  interrupted. 

Roucouler,  Fr.  (roo-koo-/£).     To  coo,  to  trill,  to  quaver. 

Roulade,  Fr.  (roo-ldd).  A  grace  composed  of  an  arpeggio 
or  run  joining  one  principal  tone  to  another.  A  flour- 
ish in  vocal  or  instrumental  music. 

6,  old  ;  8,  odd  ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  ii,  (French)* 


76  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Roverscio,  It.  (ro-z^r-she-o).  )    Revers-on 

Rove"rsio,  It.  (ro-vdr-se-o).      ) 

Rovesciame'nto.  It.  (ro-va-she-a-»*J«-t6).  Inversion.  Rever- 
sion. Contrary  motion.  Retrograde  motion. 

Rovescio,  It.  (ro-zvf-she-6).  Imitation  by  contrary  motion. 
The  term  is  also  given  to  a  piece  of  music  so  con- 
structed that  it  may  be  performed  backwards. 

Rubato,  It.  (roo-M-to).  Changing  the  time-value  of  notes 
comprising  any  part  of  a  composition.  The  term  really 
indicates  a  free  use  of  accelerando  and  rallentando  ac- 
cording to  the  taste  of  the  performer  ;  the  less  impor- 
tant melody  notes  being  accelerated  while  those  most 
prominent  are  prolonged. 

Riickgang,  Ger.  (r«£-gangk).  Return.  The  term  is  used 
to  indicate  a  transition  from  one  melody  or  theme  to 
the  repetition  of  a  previous  one. 

Ruckling,  Ger.  (r«£-oongk).  Syncopation.  Enharmonic 
change  (enharmonische  Riickung). 

Riickweiser  Ger.  (rw£-vl-ser).     The  sign  ^? 


Ruheptmkt,  Ger.  (roo-te-poonkf).     } 
«-k'n.  ) 


Ruhezeichen,  Ger. 

Ruhig,    Ger.  (roo-hig).     Calm,  tranquil,  quiet. 

Riihrung,  Ger.  (riih-roongk).     Emotion. 

Run.     A  rapid  scale-passage.     In  vocal  music  the  term  is 

given  to  such  a  passage  sung  to  one  syllable. 
Rundgesang,  Ger.  (roond-gc&-sangK).     A  vocal  solo  with  re- 

frain for  chorus. 
Russe,  Fr.  (riiss).     Russian. 
Rustico,  It.  (roos-te-ko).     Rustic,  rural. 
Ruvidame'nte,  It.  (roo-ve-da-»*£«-te).     Coarsely,  roughly. 
Rurido,  //.  (roo-z/^-do).     Coarse,  rough. 

a,  ale  ;  5,  add  ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  ///; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  77 

Sacred  music.     Church  music. 

Saengerfest,  Ger.  (sdng-zi-fist).  A  festival  among  the  Ger- 
mans of  a  musical  and  social  character. 

Saggio,  It.  (ja</-je-o).     An  essay,  a  trial. 

Saite,  Ger.  (jf-te).     A  string. 

Saiten-bandiger,    Ger.  (jf-t'n-Mw-di-gher).     A  musician. 

Saitenchor,  Ger.  («-t'n-kor).  Two  or  more  strings  tuned  in 
unison. 

Saiteninstrumente,  Ger.  (jf-t'n-in-shtroo-/«/M-te) .  Stringed 
instruments. 

Salmeggiamento,  It.  (sal-mad-je-a-»*<?«-t6).     Psalmody. 

Salmo,  It.  (sal-mo).     Psalm. 

Salonflugel,  Ger.  (sa-lonyfw-g'l).     Parlor  grand  (pianoforte). 

Salonstuck,  Ger.  (sa-lon-shtiik).  A  salon  or  parlor  compo- 
sition. 

Saltato,  It.  (sal-£j-t6).  A  variety  of  the  "springing  bow" 
in  violin-playing. 

Saltereito,  It.  (sal-te-r<J/-to).     A  term  given  to  the  rhythm 


Salto,  //.  (sdl-io).     A  leap  or  skip. 

Samlung,  Ger.  (j<i'»/-loongk).     A  collection  of  airs. 

Sanft,  Ger.  (sanft).     Low,  soft. 

Sanftheit,  Ger.  (san/t-h\t).    Softness,  smoothness,  gentleness. 

Sanftig,  Ger.  (sdnf-tig).     Soft,  gentle. 

Sanftmuth,  Ger.  (sanft-mool).     Softness,  gentleness. 

Sans,  Fr.  (san^).     Without. 

Satz,  Ger.  (satz).     Subject.     Theme. 

Saut,  Fr.  (so).     Skip. 

Sbalzo,  It.  (s&eU-tso).     A  leap  or  skip. 

Sbalzato,  It.  (sb'a.l-tsd-to).     Impetuously. 

6,  old ;  5,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon ;  u,  lute;  ii,  but ;  ii,  {French'). 


78  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Sbarra,  //.  (sbar-rs.).     Bar. 

Sbarra  d6ppia,  It.  (sbar-ra.  Jop-pe-a).     Double  bat 

Scagnello,  It.  (skaivyJ/'lo).     Bridge. 

Scala,  It.  (s&a-l'a.).     A  scale. 

Scald.     A  Scandinavian  bard. 

Scale.  The  succession  of  tones  in  their  regular  order  com- 
prising any  major  or  minor  key ;  chromatic  g,  the  name 
of  the  series  of  half-tones  beginning  with  any  given  note 
and  proceeding  by  half-tones  to  the  octave  of  that  note. 

Scale-degree.  A  degree  of  a  scale,  counting  upwards  from 
the  keynote. 

Scampanare,  //.  (skam-pa-«<z-re).     To  chime  bells. 

Scampanio,  It.  (skam-/a-ne-6).     Christmas  chimes;  chimes. 

Scemando,  It.  (she-man-do) .     See  Diminuendo. 

Scena,  It.  (shd-nz).  A  division  in  an  act  of  a  dramatic  work. 
Also  the  name  of  a  vocal  solo  of  dramatic  character. 

Sclna  da  camera,  //.  (sM-na.  da  &z-me-ra).  Chamber 
music. 

Scenario,  //.  (she-wa-re-6).     Plot  of  a  dramatic  work. 

Scenarium.  An  opera-libretto  containing  the  dialogue  and 
directions  for  the  performers. 

Scene.     See  Scena. 

Schafer-gedicht,  Ger.  (sh&-icr-$ie-dtkht.)  Idyl,  eclogue, 
pastoral. 

Schaferlied,  Ger.  (shd-Kr-led).  Shepherd's  song;  a  pas- 
toral ditty. 

Schafer-pfeife,  Ger.  (shd-ter  pfi-ie).     Shepherd's  pipe. 

Schalkhaft,  Ger.  (scktilk-\i£lt).     Sportive,  roguish. 

Schall,  Ger.  (shall).     Sound,  resonance. 

Schallbecken,  Ger.  (sholl-blk^n).     Cymbals. 

Schallhorn,  Ger.  (j^a//-hom).     Honi,  cornet,  trumpet. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  i  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  fee  ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  79 

Schallstab,  Ger.  (j/4a//-shtab).     Triangle. 

Schanzune,  Ger.  (shan-/.Kw*-e).    A  corruption  of  chanson. 

Schaurig,  Ger.  (show-fig).     Weirdly. 

Schauspiel,  Ger.  (sAow-shpel).     Drama,  dramatic  piece. 

Scherzando,  It.  (skar-tai'«-d6).    ~\ 

Scherzante,  It.  (skar-tai'«-te).      \  In  a  light,  playful  style. 

Scherzevole,  It.  (skar-/jj-v6-le).  ' 

Scherzhaft,  Ger.  (sherts-haft).     Sportive.     Burlesque. 

.    }  Titles  given  to  various  com- 

Scherzmo,  //.  (*Wr-tse-n5).  /  • 

0  ,             '     ,  ,.    ,  ..            >  positions  of  a  lively  char- 

Scherzo,  It.  (j&Sr-tso).           V  } 

J  acter. 

8cherz6so,  //.  (skar-/jj-zo).     See  Scherzando. 
Schiettam^nte,  It.  (ske-at-ta-*w<?«-te).  )   _ 
SchiettO,  /Mske-JAto).  }  Simple,  plain. 

Schlacht-gesang,  Ger.  (shldkht-$&-sangk).  ) 
Schlacht-lied,  Ger.  (sMMAt-led).  ) 


Schlag,  Ger.  (shlag).     A  stroke,  beat,  or  pulse. 

Schlag  instrument,  Ger.  (shlag  in-stroo-w»/«/).     An  instru- 

ment of  percussion. 
Schlecht,  Ger.  (shlekt).     Bad,  weak. 
Schleif-bogen,  Ger.  (sMtf-60-g'n).     A  slur. 
Schleifen,  Ger.  (skK-Pn).     To  slur. 
Schleifer-zeichen,  Ger.  (sAK-ier-tsf-khen).     A  slur. 
Schleppen,  Ger.  (sMfy-pen).     To  retard,  or  drag. 
Schleppend,  Ger.  (j^/^-pend).     Retarding,  dragging. 
Schluss,  Ger.  (shloos).     End,  close,  cadence. 
Schluss-chor,   Ger.  (shloos-Ym).     Final  chorus. 
Schluss-fall,  Ger.  (skloos-?£\).     A  cadence.  [cadence. 

Schluss-kadenz,    Ger.    (stifoos-ta-dents).     Final   or  closing 
Schluss-note,  Ger.  (skloos--no\.).     Final  note. 
Schluss-reim,  Ger.  (sti/oos-nm).     Refrain. 

6,  old  ;  o,  odd  ;  6,  done  :  oo.  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but  ;  ii,  (French). 


8O  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 

Schluss-satz,  Ger.  (shloos-sa.tz).     Concluding  movement. 

Schluss-striche,  Ger.  (j/S/wj-shtrikh-e).     Double-bar. 

Schluss-stiick,  Ger.  (sAIoos-shtuk).  Concluding  piece. 
Finale. 

Schluss-zeichen,  Ger.  (sbfoos-tst-kheri).  The  double-bar. 
The  hold  /^. 

Schliissel,  Ger.  (jv4/«j-s'l).     A  clef. 

Schliissel-G,  Ger.  (s/t/Us-s'l-G).     The  note  g1 
on  the  second  line  of  the  treble-clef. 

Schmachtend,  Ger.  (sAma&A-tend).     Languishing. 

Schmeichelnd,  Ger.  (shmi-keln'd).  In  a  nattering,  coaxing 
style. 

Schmelzend,  Ger.  (sAmel-tsend).     Melting. 

Schmerz,  Ger.  (shmerts).     Grief,  sorrow. 

Schmerzhaft,  Ger.  (sfimfrts-h'aft).     Sorrowful,  dolorous. 

Schmerzhaftigkeit,  Ger.  (sAm/rts-haf -tig-kit).  Sorrowfulness. 

Schmerzlich,  Ger.  (sAmtrts-likh).     Sorrowful,  plaintive. 

Schmerzlichkeit,  Ger.  (sAmerfs-likh-liit).     Dolorousness. 

Schmetterling,  Ger.  (sAmet-ter-ling) .  "  Butterfly."  A  name 
given  to  various  instrumental  compositions  of  light  and 
playful  character  written  mostly  for  the  piano. 

Schnarr-bass,  Ger.  (sAnarr-ba.ss).     The  drone  bass. 

Schnarr-werk,  Ger.  (^«a>r-vark).  The  reed  stops  of  an 
organ,  or  a  reed  stop. 

Schnell,  Ger.  (shnell).     Fast,  rapid. 

Schneller,  Ger.  (shnel-ler).  Faster;  also  an  inverted  mor- 
dent, /vv 

Schollrohr,  Ger.  (sholl-ror).  Trumpets,  bugles,  brass  wind 
instruments. 

Schreibart,  Ger.  (j^rf-bart).     Style. 

Schreiend,  Ger.  (s&rt-end).     Strident,  shrill,  screaming. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  i,  ice  ;  T,  ill; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  8 1 

Schreiwerk,  Ger.  (s/iri-va.rk).  Shrill-work;  acute,  or  mix- 
ture stops. 

Schrittmassig,  Ger.  (sArtt-mds-sig).     Moderate  in  pace. 

Schusterfleck,  Ger.  (shoos-ier-Jl^k).     Rosalia. 

Schwach,  Ger.    (shvakh).     Soft,  weak. 

Schwacher,  Ger.  (sAva-ker).     Softer. 

Schwacher  taktteil,  Ger.  (jvfcz/J-ker  tak-til).  The  weak 
beat. 

Schwarmer,  Ger.  (shvar-mer).  A  rauscher  (a  rapidly  re- 
peated note). 

Schwebung,  Ger.  (shve-boongk).  In  musical  acoustics,  a 
Beat.  Similar  to  Tremulant. 

Schweigen,  Ger.  (sAvi-ghen).     To  be  silent. 

Scbweigezeichen,  Ger.  (sAvi-ghe-tst-khen).     A  rest. 

Schwellen,  Ger.  (shvel-1'n).     To  increase. 

Schwellton,  Ger.  (shvel-ton).     Messa  di  voce. 

Schwer,  Ger.  (shvar).     Heavy,  difficult. 

Schwer-miithig,  Ger.  (stivdr-mu-iig).     Sad,  melancholy. 

Schwindend,  Ger.  (sAvfod-end).     Dying  away.     Morendo. 

Schwingung,   Ger.  (j^ztfwf-oongk).     Vibration  of  a  string. 

Schwungvoll,  Ger.  (shvoong-io\).     With  swing  and  passion. 

Scintillante,  It.  and  Fr.  (shm-til-/a«-te).     Brilliant. 

Sci61ta,  It.  (she-<?/-ta).     Free,  agile. 

Scioltam^nte,  It.  (she-ol-ta-#zJ«-te).     Freely,  fluently. 

Sciolt^zza,  It.  (she-6l-A?/-sa).     Freedom,  fluency. 

Sci61to,  It.  (she-J/-to).     Free. 

Scordato,  It.  (skor-*/a'-to).     Out  of  tune. 

Score.  The  various  parts  of  an  instrumental  or  vocal  com- 
position, written  on  separate  staves,  and  placed  under 
each  other  to  facilitate  reading. 

Scoring.     See  instrumentation. 

5,  old  ;  5,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii.  (French). 


82  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Scorre'ndO,  //.  (sk8r-rJ«-do).     )    Glissando. 

Scorr£vole,  //.  (skor-rd-v5-le).  )   Flowing,  gliding. 

Scotch  snap  or  catch.    The  rhythm     5^    which  is  peculiar 

to  Scotch  melodies.  ^  **  ' 

Sdegnante,  It.  (sdan-j/a«-te).     Angry,  passionate. 
Sdegno,   It.  (sddn-yo).     Scorn,  indignation. 
SdegnosamSnte,  ft.  (sdan-yo-za-»z<?«-te).     Scornfully. 
Sdegn6so,  It.  (sdan-^J-zo).     Scornful. 

Sdrucciolando,  It.  (sdroot-che-o-/<z#-do).   Sliding.   Glissando. 
Sdrucciolare,  //.  (sdroot-che-6-/a-re).     To  slide.     To  play 

glissando. 
Sc,  It.  (sa).     If. 
Se  bis6gna,  //.  (sa  be-son-ya).     If  necessary. 

Sec,  Fr.  (sek).          )    ... 

.    \   Simple,  unembelhshed. 
Secco,  Fr.  (sek-ko).  ) 

Sechs,  Ger.  (sekhs).     Six. 

Sechsachteltakt,  Ger.  (sekhs-akh-t'l-/a^).     Six-eight  time. 

Sechs-saitig,  Ger.  (sekhs-jf-tig).    Instrument  with  six  strings. 

Sechs-theilig,  Ger.  (stkks-tt-lig).     In  six  parts. 

Sechzehntel,  Ger.  (sekh-tsen-t'l).     Semiquavers. 

Sechzehntelpause,  Ger.  (sekh-tsen-t'l-/<7w-ze).  A  semi- 
quaver rest. 

Sechsvierteltakt,  Ger.  (sekhs-fer-t'l'/a^).     Six-four  time. 

Second.  An  interval  consisting  of  two  conjunct  degrees. 
There  are  three  kinds,  —  major,  minor,  and  augmented. 

Major  Second.     Minor  Second.         Aug.  Second. 


Sec6nda,  It.  (sa-/&J»-da).     Second. 

Sec6nda  volta,  //.  (sa-/tJ«-da  vol-ta).     Second  time. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  83 

Seconde  dessus,  Fr.  (sa-kond  des-sii).     Second  soprano. 

Seconde  fois,  //.  (sa-kond  fwa).     Second  time. 

Sec6ndo,  It.  (sa->&J«-d5).     Second. 

Sec6ndo  partito,  It.  (sa-Jkon-do  par-/£-to).     The  second  part. 

Secular  music.  Music  other  than  that  intended  for  devo- 
tional purposes. 

Secunde,  Ger.  (se-&0on-de).     A  second. 

Secundiren,  Ger.  (se-koon-^r-en).     To  play  the  second  part. 

Segnare,  //.  (san-_ya-re).     To  beat  time. 

Se'gno,  It.  (sdn-yo).  A  sign.  See  Al  segno,  also  Dal 
segno.  The  signs  used  are  ^!  :m.%  §,  -A..  The  above 
terms  direct  the  performer  to  repeat  from  the  /r\ 

place  marked  by  the  sign  to  the  word  Fine  — 
or  to  a  double-bar  marked  with  a  hold.  If 

Sometimes  only  the  sign  is  given. 

Se"gue,  //.  (j<?-gwe').     Follows. 

Se*gue  1'aria,  It.  (jJ-gwe  /a'-re-a).     The  aria  follows. 

Segue'ndo.  //.  (se-^a/dTw-do).  ) 

/   \  Following. 
Segu^nte,  It.  (sz-gwdn-te).    ) 

Segu^nza,  It.  (se-guan-isa).     Sequence. 

S^gue  s^nza  interruzi6ne,  It.  (-itf-gwe  sdn-tsa.  ?«-ter-root-tse- 
^-ne).  Go  on  without  stopping. 

Sehnsucht,  Ger.  (j<f«-sookht).     Yearning,  longing. 

Sehnsuchtig,  Ger.  (j<?«-siikh-tig).     With  intense  longing. 

Sehr,  Ger.  (sar).     Very. 

Sehr  lebhaft,  Ger.  (sar  /^-haft).     Very  lively. 

Sei,  //.  (sa-e).     Six. 

Seitenbewegung,  Ger.  (jf-t'o-be-z/^f-goongk).  Oblique  mo- 
tion. 

Seitensatz,  Ger.  («-t'n-satz).  A  secondary  theme  in  a  so- 
nata, rondo,  symphony,  etc. 

6,  old  ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French.) 


84  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

S'elever,  Fr,  (jd7-e-va).     To  ascend  in  tone. 
Semeiotechnie,  Fr.  (se-ma-o-#£-ne).     A  system  of  musical 

characters. 

Semibreve.     A  whole  note. 

Semicorchea,  Sp.  (sem-e-/£Jr-ke-a).     A  semiquaver. 
Semi-croma,  Gr.  (sem-W^-ma).      A  semiquaver. 
Semi-cr6ma,  It.  (sem-e-^rJ-ma).  ) 
Semicrotchet.     A  quaver  or  eighth  note. 
Semidemisemiquaver.     A  sixty-fourth  note. 
Semiminim.     A  crotchet,  or  quaver. 
Semipausa,  Lat.  (sem-e-/aw-sa).     A  semibreve  rest. 
Semiquaver.     A  sixteenth  note. 
Semitone.     The  smallest  interval  used  in  modern  music. 

Example. 


Semi-tonique,  Fr.  (sem-e-^J-nek).     Chromatic. 

Semplice,  It.  (sam-//<?-che).     Simple,  unaffected. 

Sempliceme'nte,  It.  (sam-ple-che-»z<f«-te).  Simply,  unaf- 
fectedly. 

Se'mpre,  It.  (sfim-pr£).     Continually,  throughout. 

Sensibile,  It.  (sen-j£-be-le).     Expressive,  feeling. 

Sensibilita,//.  (sen-se-te-le-ta).     Expression. 

Sensibilme'nte,  //.  (sen-se-bel-#z<?«-te).     Expressively. 

Sensible,  Fr.  (sa.nA-sel>l).  The  leading-note.  Note  sensi- 
ble is  another  term  for  the  leading-note. 

Sentie,  Fr.  (sa.nA-te).     Expressed,  felt. 

Sentimentale,  Fr.  (san£-te-;w<?«-tal).     Sentimental. 

Sentime'nto,  It.  (sen-te-wzdw-to).     Sentiment,  feeling. 

S£nza,  It.  (sdn-tsa.).     Without 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  T,  ice  ;  I,  ill  f 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  85 

Se*nza  fiori,  //.  (sfin-tsa.  fe-J-re).  Without  ornaments,  with- 
out embellishments. 

S4nza  replica,  It.  (jJw-tsa  nf-ple-ka).     Without  repetition. 

Se  place,  //.  (sa  pe-a-che).     If  you  please. 

Sep-chord.     Chord  of  the  seventh. 

Septet.  )    A  composition  for  seven  voices 

Septett,  Ger.  (sep-tet).  )       or  instruments. 

Septieme,  Fr.  (set-i-^). 

Septime,  Ger.  (sep-A?-me). 

Septimen  akkord,  Ger.  (jv^-ti-men  ak-kord).  Chord  of  the 
seventh. 

Septimole,  Ger.  (sep-ti-mo-lz).  )    g          Jet 

Septole. 

Septuor,  Fr.  (j<^-tii-6r).     Septet. 

Septuplet.  A  group  of  seven  notes  of  equal  time-value  to 
be  performed  in  the  time  of  four  or  six  of  the  same 
kind  in  the  regular  rhythm. 

Sequence.  The  repetition,  more  than  twice  in  succession, 
of  a  motive  or  group,  the  repetitions  occurring  in  as- 
cending or  descending  motion,  and  by  equal  intervals. 

Seraphine,  (j/r-a-fen).     A  species  of  harmonium. 

Serbano,  It.  (ser-&?-n5).  The  serpent,  a  bass  wind  instru- 
ment. 

Serena .  It.  (se-rJ-na).     An  evening  song. 

Sere'no,  It.  (se-r<?-no).     Calm,  serene. 

Seria,  It.  (^-re-a).  )    Serious 

Serio,  It.  (j^-re-6).  ) 

Serieusement,  Fr.  (sa-ri-wj-man^).     Seriously. 

Seri6so,  It.  (sa-re-<?-zo) .     In  a  grave,  serious  style. 

Serpeggiando,  //.  (ser-ped-je-o«-do).  Gently  winding,  slid- 
ing, creeping. 

6,  old ;  o,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


86  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Serpent.     A  bass  \rind  instrument. 

Serrata,  //.  (ser  ra-ta).     A  concluding  performance. 

SSsta,  //.  (J<w-ta). 

Se"sto,  It.  (sds-to). 

Sestet,  ) 

/ 

Sestetto,  //.  (ses-M/-to).  ) 

Sestina,  It.  (ses-^-na).     A  sextuplet. 

Sestole,  //.  (ses-^-le).     1   A  ^ 

Sestolet,  //.  (ses-/J-let).  ) 

Settetto,  //.  (set-/»-to).     Septet. 

S^ttima,  //.  (jJ/-te-ma).     Interval  of  a  seventh. 

Seitimo,  It.  (ja/-te-mo).     Seventh. 

Setzart,  Ger.  (sets-art).     Style  of  composition. 

Setzkunst,  Ger.  (j/fr-koonst).     Art  of  composition. 

Seul,  Fr.  (siil).    > 

o     i       E-     /  -iv    f    Solo,  alone. 

Seule,  Fr.  (sul).  i 

Seventh.     An  interval  containing  seven  decrees. 
Severam^nte,  //.  (se-ver-a-/waw-te).     Strict  interpretation  of 

tempo  and  expression  marks. 
Seve'rita,  It.  (se-z'J-re-ta).     Severity,  strictness. 
Sexta,  Lot.  (j/jr-ta).     Sixth.     Interval  of  a  sixth.     A  sixth 

part. 

Sexte,  Ger.  (sex-te).     A  sixth. 

Sextet,  )    A    composition   for  six  voices  or 

Sextett,  Ger.  (sex-tet).  >        instruments. 

Sextole,  Lot.  (sex-to-\e).  }    . 

\  A  sextuplet. 
Sextolet,  (j<?j:-t5-let). 

Sextuor,  Fr.  (sex-tii-6r).     Sextet. 

Sextuplet.  A  group  of  six  notes  of  equal  time-value  per- 
formed in  the  time  of  four  of  the  same  kind  in  the 
regular  rhythm. 

i,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  i,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  i,  ice  ;  >-  ill; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  87 

S&rtus,  Lat.  (j/jr-tus).     A  sixth  part. 

Sfogato,  //.  (sfo-^a-to).     Light,  airy.     A  direction  in  vocal 
music  meaning  that  the  passage  thus  marked  must  be 
rendered  in  a  light  and  airy  manner. 
Sf6rza,  //.  (s/ar-tsa).     Forced,  with  energy. 

"I    The  abbreviations  of  these 
terms  are  commonly  ap- 
plied to  a  single  tone  or 
Sforzando,  //.  (sf5r-/ja«-do). 

>•       chord,   and    denote    that 
SforzitO,  It.    sfor-/ja-to  . 

the  notes  so  marked  are 

to  be  performed  with  spe- 
J  cial  stress. 

Sforzare  la  v6cc,  It.  (sfor-tsa-re  la  z/J-che).  To  sing  with 
emphasis. 

SfuggitO,  It.  (sfoody'Mo).     Avoided,  shunned. 

Shake.     Trill. 

Sharp.  The  sign  Jf.  The  sharp  when  placed  before  a  ncte 
or  on  a  degree  of  the  staff  raises  its  pitch  one  half- 
tone. 

Si,  //.  (se).  It,  one.  Seventh  degree  of  the  diatonic  scale. 
Name  of  the  note  B  in  France  and  Italy. 

Si  leva  il  sordino,  //.  (se  /J-va  el  sor-a7-no).  Take  off  the 
mute. 

Si  levano  i  sordini,  //.  (se  le-m-no  e  sor-a'r-no).  Take  off 
the  mutes. 

Si  piace,  //.  (se  pe-oi-che).     At  pleasure. 

Si  replica,  //.  (se  r<f-ple-ka).     Repeat. 

Si  s^gue,  //.  (se  so.  gue).     Proceed. 

Si  tice,  It.  (se  td-che).     Be  silent 

Si  v6lta,  //.  (se  w/-ta).     Turn  over. 

Sibilate,  It.  (j^-be-Az-te.)     To  sing  with  a  hissing  sound. 

6,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon ;  u,  lute ;  ii,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


88  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Siegesgesang,  Ger.  (^-ghes-ghe-jaw^/5).  ) 

_.         f.    ,  .  .      °    ,.°  f  A  triumphal  song. 

Siegeslied,  Ger.  (se-ghes-tect). 

Siegesmarsch,  Ger.  (j<r-ghes-rnarsh).     A  triumphal  march. 

Siciliana,  //.  (se-che-le-o-na).  1  A  dance  of  the  Sicilian 
Siciliano,  7*.  (se-che.le-*no).  L  Peasants'  A  pastorale  in 
Sicilienne,  Fr.  (se-se-le-**).  somewhat  slow  tempo 

J        and  I  or  -^  time. 
Signalist.     A  military  trumpet  player. 
Signature.     The  signs  placed  at  the  head  of  the  staff  at 

the  beginning  of  a  composition,  indicating  the  key  and 

measure  of  the  music  which  follows. 
Signaturen,  Ger.  (sig-na-ta?-ren).    Figures  and  signs  used  in 

thorough-bass  notation. 
Sign,  canceling.     A  natural. 
Signe,  Fr.  (sen).     Sign. 
Silbendehnung,    Ger.  (jf/-ben-</<?-noongk).      Singing  a  syl- 

lable to  more  than  one  tone.     Slurring  a  syllable. 
Silbar,  Sp.  (j?/-bar).     To  whistle. 
Silbern,  Ger.  (j//-bern).     Of  a  silvery  tone. 
Silboso,  Sp.  (j*/-b6-z6).     Whistling,  hissing. 
Silence,  Fr.  (se-lan^s).     A  rest. 

Silences  pointed,  Fr.  (se-lan^s  pwan^-ta).     Dotted  rests. 
Silenciosame'nte,     Sp.     (se-len  the-6-za-#z  dn-i€).       Quietly, 

softly. 
Silentando,  It.  (se-len-Ai«-do).     A  term  denoting  a  slacken- 

ing of  the  time. 

Sillnzio,  It.  (se-/Jw-tse-o).     A  rest. 

Simicon,  Ger.  (sfm  i-kon).     A  harp  with  thirty-five  strings. 
Simile,  It.  (se-me-le).     In  like  manner.     Continue   in  the 

same  manner  as  the  preceding  passage. 
S  implement,  Fr.  (j^«^-ple-manA).     Simply,  unaffected. 


a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  i,  ice  ;  i,  ill  ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  89 

Sin,  It.  (sen).     Abbreviation  of  Sino. 

Sinf6nia,  It.  (senyfrne-a).  A  symphony.  A  name  given 
to  the  overture  of  an  Italian  opera  belonging  to  the 
earlier  school. 

Sinfonie,  Ger.  (sfn-fo-ne).     Symphony. 

Singakademie,  Ger.  (s?ng-ak-a.-dz-mt).  A  choral  singing 
society.  A  singing  academy. 

Sing-art,  Ger.  (stog-art.).     Style  of  singing. 

Singbar,  Ger.  (s?ng--ba.r).     Singable. 

Sing-bass,  Ger.  (s?ng-ba.ss).    A  vocal  bass. 

Sing-chor,  Ger.  (sfng-kor).     Choir. 

Singend,  Ger.  (sfng-end).     Cantabile. 

Singe-tanz,  Ger.  (j/w^-tants).  Dances  accompanied  by 
singing. 

Sing-fuge,  Ger.  (sihg-foo-ghe).     A  vocal  fugue. 

Sing-gedicht,  Ger.  (sfng-$&-d!kht).    A  poem  set  to  music. 

Singhiozzando,  //.  (sen-ghe-ot-tai!«</-d6).  Sobbing,  catch- 
ing the  breath. 

Sing-kunst,  Ger.  (sfag-koonst).     The  art  of  singing. 

Sing-mahrchen,  Ger.  (sfng-mdr-\Mr\).     A  legend  in  song. 

Singmanieren,  Ger.  (sfng-mz-ne-r'n).    Vocal  embellishments. 

Sing-meister,  Ger.  (sfng-mts-ter).     Singing  master. 

Sing-schauspiel,  Ger.  (.rfw^-show-shpel).  A  drama  inter- 
spersed with  singing. 

Sing-schule,  Ger.  (s(ng-shoo-\e).     Singing  school. 

Sing-spiel,  Ger.  (sfng-shpel).  "A  sing-play."  A  title  given 
to  the  earlier  form  of  the  German  national  opera.  The 
name  is  used  at  the  present  time  for  any  light  opera  or 
operetta  with  spoken  interludes. 

Sing-stimme,  Ger.  (sfng-sAtfm-me).  A  vocal  part.  The 
singing  voice,  the  voice. 

6,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


9O  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Sing-stuck,  Ger.  (sfng-shtiik).     Air,  melody. 

Sing-stunde,  Ger.  (sfng-sAtoon-de).     Singing  lesson. 

Sing-verein,  Ger.  (stng-ic-rm).     Choral  society. 

Sing-weise,  Ger.  (sfng-vi-se).     In  a  singing  style. 

Sinistra,  ft.  (se-«<?j-tra)  .     Left. 

Sink-a-pace.     See  Cinque-pace. 

Sino,  It.   (se-no).     As  far  as,  to,  up  to,  till. 

Sino  al  fine,  It.  (jv?-n6  al./2-ne).     To  the  end. 

Si  place,  It.  (se  pe-£-che).     Ad  libitum. 

Sirenion,  (si-r<?«-i-on).  An  instrument  of  the  piano  and 
harpsichord  class. 

Si  replica,  It.  (se  ?v?-ple-ka).     To  be  repeated. 

Si  scriva,  //.  (se  s&re-va).     As  written. 

Si  segue,  //.  (se  sa-gue).     As  follows. 

Siste'ma,  It.  (ses-#-ma).     Staff. 

Sister,  Ger.  (sis-ter).     An  old  German  guitar. 

Sistro,  It.  (ses-tro).     A  triangle. 

Sistrum,  Lai.  (j£r-trum).  A  rattle  used  by  the  ancient 
Egyptians,  the  Greeks,  and  Romans.  Its  common 
form  was  that  of  a  handle  surmounted  by  a  loop  of 
metal  having  cross-bars  on  which  rings  were  sometimes 
placed. 

Si  tcice,  It.  (se  ta'-che).     Be  silent. 

Sitz,  Ger.  (sitz).     Place,  situation. 

Si  v61ga,  It.  (se 


Sixieme,  Fr.  (sez-i-dm).  ) 

Sixte,  Fr.  (sekst).  ) 

Sixte  ajout^e,  Fr.  (sekst  z-zhoo-ta.).     Added  sixth. 

Sixth.     An  interval  containing  six  degrees. 

Skizze,  Ger.  (jvWfr-tse).     Sketch. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  i,  ice  ;  I,  ill  ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  91 

Skizzen,  Ger.  (s&tts-tsen).     Sketches. 

Slancio,  //.  (j/a«-sho).    )    Impetuosity.    Sometimes  written 

Slanzio,  It.  (slan-tse-o).  >          "  islancio." 

Slargando.  It.  (slar-^vzw-do).         ) 

\   Growing  slow. 
Slargandosi,  //.  (slar-gan-^iJ-ze).  ) 

S lent and 0,  It.  (slen-Ai'«-d5).     Slargando. 

Slissato,  It.  (sles-za-to).     Slurred. 

Slur.     The  sign  ^""^  which,  when  placed  over  or  under 

two  or  more  notes,  indicates  that  the  passage  is  to  be 

performed  legato. 

Smaniante.  It.  (sma-ne-a«-te).  ^   _ 

/   In  an  impetuous,  passion- 
Smaniato,  //.  (sma-ne-a-to).       > 

'       \          ate  style. 
SmaniOso,  //.  (sma-ne-o-zo).      ) 

Sminu^ndo,  //.  (sme-noo-Jw-do).  )  Diminishing  and  decreas- 

Sminuito,  It.  (sme-noo-if-to).         )      ing  in  speed  and  force. 

Smore'ndo,  It.  (smo-r3n-do).     Dying  away. 

Smorfi6so,  //.  (smor-fe-J-zo).     Affected  expression. 

Smorzando,  It.  (sm5r-tai«-do).     Dying  away. 

Soave,  //.  (so-a-ve).     Soft,  sweet,  suave. 

Soavem^nte,  It.  (so-a-ve-»z«fw-te).     Suavely. 

Sogg^tto,  It.  (sod-jat-to).     Subject,  theme. 

Sognando,  It.  (son-ydn-do).     In  a  dreamy  style. 

Sob.     Term  given  to  the  syllable  sol  in  the  Tonic  sol-fa 

system. 

Soiree  musicale,  Fr.  (swa-ia.  mii-ze-^<Jf/).   A  musical  evening. 
Sol.     Name  of  the  note  G  in  France,  also  the  fifth  note  of 

the  diatonic  scale. 
S61a,  It.  (jJ-la).     Alone. 
Solemnis,  Lat.  (so-//»/-nis).     Solemn. 
Sole"nne,  It.  (so-/<f«-ne). 


.    Solemn,  splendid,  pompous. 
Solennelle,  Fr.  (so-//«-nel).  5 

6,  old  j  8,  odd i  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  \\,lute  ;  \\,but ;  ii,  (French) _ 


Q2  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Solenneme'nte,  It.  (so-t/n-ne-mdn-ie).     Solemnly. 

Solennita,  It.  (so-len-ne-td).     Solemnity. 

Solfa,  It.  (w/-fa).     Scale.     A  conductor's  baton. 

Sol-fa.     To  sing  solfeggi.     Solmisation   and   its  syllables, 

do,  re,  mi,  etc. 

Solfeggiare,  It.  (sol-fad-je-a-re).     To  sol-fa. 
Solffcge,  Fr.  (&o\-fazh).  \    A   vocal    exercise   on   one 

Solfeggi,  It.  (soly^-je).  vowel,  the  syllables  of  sol- 

Solfe"ggio,    It.    (sol^/Srf-je-o).  )      misation,  or  words. 
Soli,  It.  (so-\€).     The  parts  for  solo  performers. 
Solito,  It.  (jJ-le-to).     Usual,  accustomed. 
Solmisation.     Sol-fa-ing.     A  system  of  teaching  scales  and 

intervals  by  the  syllables,  do,  re,  mi,  etc. 
Solo,  It.   (so-lo).     Alone.     Music  for  a  single  instrument  or 

voice  with  or  without  accompaniment. 
Solosanger,  Ger.  (so-lo-sdng--er).     A  solo  singer. 
Solospieler,  Ger.  (so-\o-shpe-\zr).     A  solo  player. 
Solostimme,  Ger.  (so-\o-shffm-m.e).     A  solo  part  or  voice. 
Sombrer,  Fr.  (j^w-bra).     A  term  used  in  vocal  music  to 

indicate  a  sombre,  veiled,  but  intense  expression. 
Somma,  It.  (som-ma).     Highest,  greatest,  supreme,  utmost, 

extreme. 
Sommerlied,    Ger.    (som-mer-led) .      A    song   in   praise    of 

summer. 

Son,  Fr.  (son^).     Tone,  sound. 

Son  harmonique,  Fr.  (son^  har-wo-nek).     Harmonic  tone. 
Son  plein,  Fr.  (sonA  plan^).     A  round,  full  tone. 
Sonabile,  //.  (so-«a-be-le).     Sounding,  resonant. 
Sonante,  It.  (so-«a«-te).     Sonorous,  resonant,  resounding. 
Sonare,  It.  (so-wa-re).     To  sound,  to  play. 
Sonare  dlla  m^nte,  It.  (s5-«a-re  a/-la  mdn-i€).    To  improvise. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  93 

Sonata.  An  extended  instrumental  composition,  usually  of 
three  or  four  movements. 

Sonata  da  camera,  It.  (so-«a-ta  da  /W-me-ra).  A  sonata 
designed  for  the  chamber  or  parlor. 

Sonata  da  chie'sa,  It.  (so-«a-ta  da  ke-<J-za).  A  church  so- 
nata, an  organ  sonata. 

Senate,  Fr.  (so-naf)  and  Ger.  (so-wa-te).     A  sonata. 

Sonat6re,  It.  (so-na-^J-re).     A  performer  on  any  instrument. 

SoneVole,  //.  (s6-«£-vo-le).     See  Sonabile. 

S6no,  It.  (jJ-no).     Tone,  sound. 

Sonorame'nte,  It.  (so-no-ra-wd/z-te).  Sonorously,  resound- 
ingly. 

Son6re,  It.  (so-«0-re).     Sonorous. 

Sonus,  Lat.  (jJ-nus).     Tone,  sound. 

S6pra,  It.  (jJ-pra).     Above,  over,  higher ;  upon,  on. 

S6pra  dominante,  It.  (w-pra  do-me-«a«-te).     Dominant. 

Sopra  t6nica,  It.  (so-pr'a.  /^-ne-ka).     Super  tonic. 

S6pra  lina  c6rde,  /A  (jJ-pra  ^^-na  ^^r-de).     On  one  string. 

Sopran,  Ger.  (so-prdri).     Soprano. 

Sopran-schliissel,  Ger.  (s,opran-skluf-s?\).     Treble  clef. 

Sopran-stimme,  Ger.  (so-pran-shtfm-me).  Soprano  voice 
or  part. 

Soprano,  It.  (so-pra-no).  The  highest  division  of  the  hu^ 
man  voice. 

Soprano  clef.     The  C  clef  on  the  first  line. 


S6rda,  //.  (sor-da).     Dull,  muffled.  [tone. 

Sordam6nte,  It.   (s6r-da-/«dw-te).     With  a  muffled,  veiled 

Oi  old  ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  {French}. 


94  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Sordino,  It.  (sor-a^-no).  A  mute.  Beethoven  used  the  terms 

con  sordini  and  senza  sordini  to  denote  when  and  when 

not  to  use  the  soft  pedal  of  the  piano. 
SoidO,  //.  (sor-do).     Muted. 

Sordun,  Ger.  (jw--doon).     A  mute  for  the  trumpet. 
Sorgfaltig,  Ger.  (jw-^-fal-tigh).     Cautious,  careful. 
Sortie,  Fr.  (sor-te).     A  closing  voluntary  for  the  organ. 
Sortita,  It.  (sor-#-ta).     See  sortie.     Also   the  first  number 

sung  by  a  leading  character  in  an  opera. 
Sospensivame'nte,  //.  (sos-pen-se-va-*w<?«-te).     Irresolutely, 

doubtfully. 

Sospirando,  It.  (s5s-pe-ra«-do).  )    Sighing,  sobbing.     A  vo- 
Sospirante,  //.  (s6s-pe-ra«-te).    )       cal  effect. 
Sospire"vole,  //.  (sos-pe-ra-vo-le).  |    Sighing  deeply.   Mourn- 
Sospir6so,  It.  (sos-pe-rJ-zo).          >       ful,  plaintive. 
Sostenendo,  ft.  (sos-t«-«J«-d6).  (    See  sostenuto. 
Sosten^nte,  It.  (s6s-te-«^«-te).    ( 
Sostenuto,   It.    (sos-te-«<7<?-t6).      Sustained.      As   a  tempo 

mark  it  is  about  the  same  as  andante. 
S6tto,  It.  (sot-to).     Under,  below. 
S6tto  domininte,  It.  (sot-\.o  d5-me-w<i'w-te).     The  subdomi- 

nant. 

S6ttov6ce,  It.  (sot-to  vo-che).     In  an  undertone. 
Soubasse,  Fr.  (soo-b'&s).     Sub-bass. 
Soupir,  Fr.  (jw-per).     A  quarter  rest. 
Sourdement,  Fr.  (soord-m&nK).     In  a  subdued  manner. 
Sourdine,  Fr.  (soor-den).     A  mute. 
Sous,  Fr.  (soo).     Below,  under. 
Sous-chantre,  Fr.  (soo-sAdnAtr).      A  deputy  precentor  or 

cantor.     An  assistant  choir-master. 
Sous-dominante,  Fr.  (soo  do-mi-ndn/it).     Sub-dominant. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  i,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  *'//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  95 

Sous-me'diante,  Fr.  (soo-ma-dl-a«^/).     Sub-mediant. 
Sous-tonique,  Fr.  (soo-to-w^).     Subtonic  or  leading  note. 
Soutenir,  Fr.  (soo-te-w^r).     To  sustain  a  sound. 
Spagnole'tta,  It.  (span-y5-/<?/-ta).     A  Spanish  dance. 
Spagnuola,  //.  (span-yoo-^la).     The  guitar. 
Sparta,  It.  (j/a>-ta).         ^ 

Spartita,  //.  (spar-#-ta). 

'        .  f  A  partitura. 

Spartito,  //.  (spar-fc-to). 

Sparte,  Ger.  (spar-te).        ^ 

Spasshaft,  Ger.  (sApass-ha.h).     Scherzando. 

SpezzatO,  It.  (spet-/ja-to).     Divided. 

SpianAta,  /A  (spe-a-«a-ta).   )    0 

>   Smooth,  even,  tranqun. 
Spianato,  //.  (spe-a-wa-to).    ) 

Spiccatamlnte,  //.  (spek-ka-ta->«rt«-te).     Brilliantly. 

Spiccato,  //.  (spek-yta-to).  A  variety  of  springing-bow  in 
violin-playing. 

Spiel,  Ger,  (shpel).     Play,  performance. 

Spielart,  Ger.  (shpel-art).     Style  or  system  of  playing. 

Spiel  manieren,  Ger.  (shpel  ma-«<?-r'n).  Instrumental  em- 
bellishments. 

SpfritO,  It.  (j/^-re-to).     Spirit,  life. 

Spiritosame'nte,  It.  (spe-re-to-za-»»J«-te).  \    With       energy 

Spirit6so,  It.  (spe-re-/J-zo).  and      anima- 

Spiritu6so,  //.  (spe-re-too-J-zo).  )       tion. 

Spitze,  Ger.  (shpft-tee).  Point.  Point  of  a  bow.  Also 
denoting  the  toe  in  organ-playing. 

Spottlied,  Gtr.  (shp5t-led).     A  satirical  song. 

Springing-bow.  A  kind  of  bowing  used  by  violin-players 
in  which  the  bow  is  allowed  to  drop  on  the  string,  its 
elasticity  causing  it  to  rebound  after  every  tone. 

Spruchgesang,  Ger.  (shprookh-$&-siingh}.     An  anthem. 

6,  old ;  o,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


96  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Sprung,  Ger.  (shproongh).     A  leap  or  skip. 

Sprung-weise,  Ger.  (shproongk-vi-se).     By  leaps  or  skips. 

Squilla,  It.  (s<?uel-\a.).     A  little  bell ;  a  shrill- sounding  bell. 

Squillante,  It.  (squel-/d'»-te).  Ringing,  sounding,  bell-like 
in  tone. 

Sta,  It.  (sta).     As  it  stands. 

Stabat  Mater,  Lat.  (j&s-bat  *wa-ter).  A  hymn  on  the  cruci- 
fixion. 

Stabile,  //.  (rfa-be-le).     Firm,  steady. 

Staccare,  It.  (stak-^a-re).     To  make  staccato. 

Staccatissimo,  It.  (stak-ka-^j-se-mo).  Very  much  detached. 

Staccato,  //.  (stak-^a-to).     Detached,  separated. 

Staff.  The  five  parallel  horizontal  lines  and  their  four  in- 
tervening spaces  used  in  musical  notation. 

Staff-degree.     A  degree  on  the  staff. 

Stambuzare,  It.  (stam-boo-taz-re).     To  beat  the  drum. 

Stamm,  Ger.  (shtam).     Root. 

Stamm-akkord,  Ger.  (shtam-ak-kord).  A  chord  in  its  fun- 
damental position. 

Stampita,  It.  (stam-/<f-ta).  A  song  -with  instrumental  ac- 
companiment. 

Standchen,  Ger.  (sAtdnd-khen).     A  serenade. 

Standhaft,  Ger.  (sAtand-h&tt).     Steady,  resolute. 

Stanghe'tta,  It.  (stan-^-ta).     Bar. 

Stark,  Ger.  (shtark).     Loud,  vigorous. 

Starker,  Ger.  (shtar-ker).     Louder. 

Stave.     See  Staff. 

Steg,  Ger.  (shtegh).     Bridge. 

Stentando,  It.  (sten-^'w-do).  Delaying,  dragging,  or  retard- 
ing the  tempo. 

Stentato,  It.  (sten-to'-t5).     Delayed,  retarded. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  c are  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  I,  ice ;  i,  ///  ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  97 

Step.     At  times  used  instead  of  degree  and  tone. 

Sterbe-gesang,  Ger.  (sAt/r-be  ghe-sane-Jt).  \    T 

,.   ,       '      .  , .,  ,  „  ,.  ,.  f   Funeral  hymn. 

Sterbe-hed,  Ger.  (sht?r-\>e-led). 

Sterbend,  Ger.  (sAt?r-bend).     Morendo. 

Sterbe-ton,  Ger.(sht^r-\>e-ton).   A  tone  diminishing  insensibly. 

St£so,  It.  (std-zo).     Extended,  prolonged. 

St£so  m6to,  It.  (std-zo  mo-id).     A  slow  movement. 

St6sso,  It.  (ftds-so).     Same  as  steso. 

Stibacchiato,  It.  (ste-bak-ke-a-to).  Relaxing,  retarding  the 
time. 

Stich,  Ger.  (shtikh).     A  dot  or  point. 

Stil,  Ger.  (shtil).  ^ 

Stile,  It.  (j^-le).  (   Style. 

Stilo,  It.  (ste-\o).  ) 

Still,  Ger.  (shtil).     Calm,  tranquil. 

Stimme,  Ger.  (s/itfm-me).     Voice,  part. 

Stimm  ansatz,  Ger.  (shtim  a«-sats).  Attack  of  a  vocal 
tone. 

Stimm  bander,  Ger.  (shtim  &?«-der).     Vocal  chords. 

Stimm  bildung,  Ger.  (shtim  bil-doongk).  Training  of  the 
voice. 

Stimm  buch,  Ger.  (shtim  bookh).     A  part  book. 

Stimm  fuhrer,  Ger.  (shtim  fiihrer).     Leader  in  a  chorus. 

Stimm  fuhrung,  Ger.  (shtim  /w/fc-roongk).  Leading  of  the 
parts. 

Stimm  mittel,  Ger.  (shtim  mftt'l).     Vocal  powers. 

Stimm  umfang,  Ger.  (shtim  <ww-fangk).  Compass  of  the 
voice. 

Stimmungsbild,  Ger.  (.fv&tf'iw-moongs-bfld).  A  short  charac- 
teristic piece. 

Stingu£ndo,  It.  (sten-^wJw-do).     Dying  away. 

§,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  ii,  (french). 


98  PRONOUNCING   DICTIONARY 

StiracchiatO,  It.  (ste-rak-ke-a-to).  ) 

(  Dragging,  retarding. 
Stirdto,  //.  (ste-ra-to). 

Stonante,  //.   (sto-«a«-te).     Discordant,  out  of  tune. 

Stop.     To  change  the  pitch  of  an  instrument. 

Stopfen,  Ger.  (shtop-fen).     To  stop. 

Stopf  tone,  Ger.  (shtopf  /<?-ne).     Stopped  tones. 

St6rta,  It.  (st5r-ta).     A  serpent. 

Stosszeichen,  Ger.  (sfitds-isi  -k'n).     Staccato  mark. 

Straccicalando,  It.  (strat-che-ka-lan-do).   Prattling,  babbling. 

Strain.     Melody,  tune. 

Strascicando,  It.  (stra-she->£<i'«-do).     Dragging. 

Strathspey.     A  lively  Scottish  dance. 

Stravagante,  //.  (stra-va-^aw-te).    Fantastical,  extravagant. 

Streichen,  Ger.  (sAtri-kh'n).     To  bow,  as  in  violin-playing. 

To  cut,  as  any  portion  of  an  opera. 
Strefch  instrumente,  Ger.  (shtrikh  m-stroo-w/w-te).  Stringed 

instruments  played  with  a  bow. 

Streich  orchester,  Ger.  (shtrikh  or-^/j-ter).    String-orchestra. 
Streich  quartett,  Ger.  (shtrikh  kwar-tet).     String-quartet. 
Streich  trio,  Ger.  (strikh  tre-6).     String-trio. 
Streng,  Ger.  (shtreng).     Severe,  strict. 
Str^pito,  //.  (j*r<?-pe-to).     Noise. 

Strepitosam6nte,  /j?.(stra-pe-to-za-w^«-te).  )  In  a  boisterous; 
Strepit6so,  It.  (stra-pe-^zo).  )  impetuous  style. 


Strata,  It.  (j/r/W-ta).  > 

/   A  division  of  a  figure.     A  closing 
Streite,  Fr.  (stret).     \ 

.    \        passage  taken  in  faster  tempo. 
StrStto,  It.  (strdl-\.o).  ) 

Strid6nte,  //.  (stre-</J#-te).     Harsh,  noisy.     In   pianoforte 

playing  it  is  the  same  as  martellato. 
Stridevole,  It.  (stre-de-z/J-le).     Sharp,  shrill,  acute. 
String^ndo,  It.  (stren-^aw-do).     Accelerando. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  tare  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill  ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  99 

Strisciando,  It.   (stre-she-a«-do).     Smooth,  legato,  gliding; 

glissando. 

Strombazzata,   //.  (strom-bat-tei'-ta).  >    The    sound    of    a 
Strombettata,  It.  (strom-bet-Ja-ta).     \         trumpet. 
Stromentato,  It.  (stro-men-/a-t6).     Instrumented. 
Strom^nto,  It.  (stro  mdn-\.o).     Instrument. 
Stuck,  Ger.  (shtiik).     A  piece. 
Stufe,  Ger.  (sAtoo-fe).     Step,  degree. 
Sturmisch,  Ger.  (shtiirm-\sh).     Passionate,  impetuous. 
Su,  It.  (soo).     On,  upon;  near,  by. 
Suave,  //.  (swa-ve).     See  Soave. 
Sub,  Lat.  (sub).     Under. 
Subdominant.     The  under-dominant.     The  fourth    degree 

of  the  diatonic  scale. 

Subitame'nte,  It.  (soo-be-ta-wJ«-te).  )         . 

.     .  '    ,  _     .  '   t    Quickly,  suddenly. 

Subito,  It.  (jw-be-to). 

Submediant.     The  sixth  degree  of  the  diatonic  scale. 
Subsemitone.     The  sub-tonic,  or  leading  tone. 
Subtonic.     The  leading  note. 
Suffocato,  It.  (soof-fo-&z-t6).     Muffled,  damped. 
Suivez,  Fr.  (swe-va).     Same  as  Colla  parte.     Follow,  con- 
tinue, go  on  ;  simile. 
Sujet,  Fr.  (sii-zha).     Subject. 
Sul,  //.  (sool).     On  the. 

Sul  ponticello,  It.  (sool  p6n-te-<r/£//-l5).     Near  the  bridge. 
Sulla,  It.  (sool-\i).     Sul. 

Sulla  c6rda,  It.  (sool-Va.  k8r-$a.).     On  the  string.  [board. 

Sulla  tasti6ra,  //.  (sool-Va.  tas-te-<f-ra).    By  or  near  the  finger- 
Sulle,  It.  (sool-M).     Sul. 

Suo  loco,  It.  (soo-6  /J-ko).     Its  accustomed  place. 
Suonantina,  //.  (swo-nan-^-na).     A  short,  easy  sonata. 

6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,moon;  \i,lute  ;  \i,out;  ii,  (French). 


100          PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Suonare,  It.  (swo-«#-re).     Same  as  sonare. 

Super,  Lat.  (j«-per).     Over,  above. 

Superdominant.     The  sixth  degree  of  the  diatonic  scale. 

Superfluous.     Sometimes  used  instead  of  augmented. 

Supertonic.     The  second  degree  of  the  diatonic  scale. 

Super-tonique,  Fr.  (su-per-A?-nek).     Supertonic. 

SupplicheVole.  It.  (soop-ple-&?-vo-le).        -\  T 

o        1-  t.       i     i  j.  ._  ,  '     „.  /   In    a    pleading 

Supphchevolmente,  It.  (soop-ple-ka-vol-  > 

\          manner. 
mdn-te). 

Sur,  Fr.  (siir).     On,  over,  upon. 

Sur  une  corde,  Fr.  (siir  line  kord).     See  Sopra  una  corda. 

Sus-dominante,  Fr.  (su-do-mi-ndnAt).     Superdominant. 

Suss,  Ger.  (siiss).     Sweetly. 

Sus-tonique,  Fr.  (su-td-«<f£).     Supertonic. 

Susurrando,  It.  (soo-soor-raw-do).  )    In  a  murmurous,  whis- 

Susurrante,  It.  (soo-soor-raw-te).   J          pering  tone. 

Svegliato,  //.  (sval-ye-a-to).     Brisk,  lively,  animated. 

Svelte,  It.   (svdl-io).     Light,  agile. 

Swell.     A  crescendo  -«= 1,  or  crescendo  and  diminuendo 

Syllabic  melody.    One  syllable  to  each  tone  of  the  melody. 

Syllable-name.     The  syllables  do,  re,  mi,  etc. 

Symphonic.  Relating  to  a  symphony.  Any  composition 
constructed  similar  to  a  symphony. 

Symphony.     A  sonata  for  orchestra. 

Syncopate.  To  change  or  omit  the  accent  of  a  tone  or 
chord  occurring  on  a  strong  beat  by  tieing  it  over  from 
the  former  weak  beat ;  to  interrupt  the  rhythm  ;  to  give 
a  strong  accent  on  a  weak  beat. 

Syncopated.  A  tone  or  chord  deprived  of  its  natural  ac- 
cent. See  Syncopate, 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  T,  ill; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  IOI 

Syncopation.  The  tieing  of  a  weak  beat  to  the  succeed- 
ing strong  beat,  and  thus  changing  the  natural  accent ; 
the  temporary  establishment  of  a  false  rhythm;  an  in- 
terruption of  the  natural  rhythm. 

Synkope,  Ger.  (sin-/£<?-pe).     Syncopation. 

System.     The  several  staves  belonging  to  a  score. 

Systeme,  Fr.  (sis-tfm).  Compass  of  an  instrument.  The 
complete  range  of  musical  tones. 

"1     "  Is    silent."      A    vocal    or   instru- 

Tace,  //.  (&*-che).  mental  part   so  marked   is  silent 

Tdcet,  Lat.  (/a-set).    ^       through  a   portion  or  all   of  the 

Taci,  It.  (Ai'-che).  number  or  movement  in  which 

J  the  term  is  used. 

Taille,  Fr.  (td-uh).  Tenor  voice.  In  a  vocal  sense  the 
term  is  used  only  in  church  music.  The  tenor  violin 
(Viola). 

Takt,  Ger.  (takt).     Time,  a  measure,  a  beat. 

Takt  accent,  Ger.  (takt  ak-tsent).  Measure  accent,  pri- 
mary accent. 

Taktart,  Ger.  (takt-zrt).     Measure,  time,  rhythm. 

Takterstickung,  Ger.  (ta£-ter-sfttf&-oongk).  Syncopation; 
the  omission  of  measures  by  the  overlapping  of  two 
periods  or  phrases. 

Taktfach,  Ger.  (Az/frl-fakh).     A  space. 

Taktfest,  Ger.  (Afcfe-fest).     Steady  in  time. 

Taktglied,GVr.  (&'&-gled).     Measure  note.  [time. 

Takthalten,  Ger.  (&z£/-hal-ten).     To  keep  time.     Keeping 

Taktieren,  Ger.  (Aj^-te-r'n) .     To  beat  time. 

Taktierstab,  Ger.  (ta'/£-ter-shtab).     A  baton. 

Taktmassig,  Ger.  (t&Jkt-md-sHg).     In  time. 

5,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French]. 


102  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Taktmesser,  Ger.  (takt-mes-sfci).     Metronome. 

Takt-note,  Ger.  (tdkt-no-te).     A  whole  note. 

Takt-pause,  Ger.  (tdkt-pow-ze).     Measure-rest. 

Takt-schlagen,  Ger.   (ttikt  j^/a-ghen).     To  beat  time. 

Takt-stock,  Ger.  (ta&t-shtok).     A  baton. 

Takt-strich,  Ger.  (ta'/^-shtrikh).     A  bar. 

Takt-teil,  Ger.  (takt-\i\).     A  beat  or  count. 

Taktvorzeichnung,   Ger.  (takt-for-^-noongk)  )   Time  sig- 

Taktzeichen,  Ger.  (takt-£rz-kh'n).  )        nature. 

Tandelnd,  Ger.  (A?«-delnd).     In  a  bantering,  toying  style. 

Tantino,  It.  (tan-#-no).     A  little. 

Tanto,  It.  (tan-to).  As  much,  so  much.  Too.  Allegro 
non  tanto,  not  too  fast. 

Tanz,  Ger.  (tants).     Dance. 

Tanze,  Ger.  (tan-tse).     Dances. 

Tarantella,  It.  (tar-ran-&z/-la).  A  southern  Italian  dance  in 
rapid  I  time.  A  title  given  to  modern  instrumental 
pieces  in  i  or  I  time,  and  of  very  rapid  tempo. 

Tardame'nte,  It.  (tar-da-»w<?tt-te).     Lingeringly,  slowly. 

Tardando,  It.  (tar-^«-d6).  )   gee  Ritardando. 

Tarddto,  It.  (tar-^a-to).         ) 

Tardo,  It.  (tar-do).     Lingering,  slow. 

Tastatur,  Ger.  (ta'j-ta-toor).  ) 

%   \  Keyboard. 
Tastatura,  It.  (tas-ta-^o-ra).  ) 

Tasto,  It.  (tas-to).     Key  (mechanical).     Touch. 

Tasto  s6!o,  It.  (tas-to  jJ-16).     A  direction  to  play  the  part 

so    marked   either   as   written   or  in   octaves  without 

chords. 
Tattoo.     The  beat  of  a  drum  at  night  calling  the  soldiers 

to  their  quarters. 
Te.     For  si  in  the  tonic  sol-fa  system. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  i,  ice  ;  I,  *'//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  103 

T6,  Fr.  (ta).     Cf. 

The  skill  in  vocal  or  instrumen- 
tal   performance   apart   from 

Techmc,     (ttt-mk). 

the  musical   taste  displayed ; 

Techmk.  Ger.  (tek-nik).  }• 

the  mechanical  training  of  an 

Technique,     (tek-nek). 

artist  obtained  through  tech- 


nical studies. 
Teddeo,  It.  (ted-otf-6).     Te  Deum. 

Tedesca,  //.  (te-</<f.r-ka).  )    . 

,  v   ,     ,    /    (   German. 
Ted4sco,  It.  (te-dds-ko).   ) 

Tema,  It.  (td-ma.}.     Theme. 

Tempestosame'nte,  It.  (tem-pes-to-za-»za«-te).   Impetuously. 

Tempest6so,  It.  (tem-pes-^-zo).     Impassioned. 

T4mpo,  It.  (tSm-po).     Time,  measure,  rate  of  speed,  beat. 

Tempo-mark.  The  word  or  phrase  placed  at  the  beginning 
of  a  movement  indicating  the  general  character  and 
speed  desired.  [before. 

Tempo  wie  vorher,   Ger.  (tem-po  ve/£-rer).     The  time  as 

Temps,  Fr.  (tanA.)     Time,  beat. 

Temps  faible,  Fr.  (tan/&  fa-b'l).     Weak  beat. 

Temps  fort,  Fr.  (tan^  for).     Strong  beat. 

Temps  frapp4,  Fr.  (tan^  frap-pa).     The  downbeat. 

Temps  leve',  Fr.  (  tan^  le-va).     The  up  beat. 

Tendre,  Fr.  (tan^dr).     Tender. 

Tendrement,  Fr.  (tan^dr-man^).     Tenderly. 

Tenebrae,  Lat.  (t/n-e-bra).     Gloom,  darkness. 

Ten^ndo,  It.  (te-m?«-do).     Holding. 

T^nera,  It.  (tdn-e-ia.).  ^ 

Teneram^nte,  If.  (ten-e-ra-»»<f«-te). 

Tenerezza,  Delicate'  tend«r'  soft 


T^nero,  It. 

o,  old  ;  o,  odd  ;  o,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but  ;  u,  (frencK)f 


IO4 


PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 


Ten<5te,  It.  (te-«J-te).     Hold. 

Teneur,  Fr.  (te-nur).     The  melody  or  canto  fermo  in  a  cho- 
ral or  hymn-tune. 
Tenir,  Fr.  (te-«<?r).     To  hold. 
Tenor.     The  highest  natural  male  voice. 
Tenor  C.     The  lowest  C  in  the  tenor  voice ;  small  C. 


Tenor  clef. 


The  C  clef  placed  on  the  fourth  line, 
or 


Ten6re,  It.  (te-wJ-re).     Tenor. 

Ten6re   buffo,    //.    (te-«<?-re   boof-lo).     A   tenor  who   sings 

comic  roles. 

Ten6re  leggie"ro,  It.  (te-«<?-re  led-je-J-ro).     A  light  tenor. 
Ten6re  robiisto,  It.  (te-«J-re  ro-boos-to).     A  powerful  tenor. 
Tenor  schlussel,  Ger.  (ten-or  sAtus-s']).     Tenor  clef. 
Tenor- viole,  Ger.  (ten-<?r-fi-J-le).     Tenor  violin,  viola. 
Tenor  zeichen,  Ger.  (ten-or  tsf-ke'n).     Tenor  clef. 
Tenue,  Fr.  (te-nii).       ^ 
Tenute,  It.  (tsi-noo-te).  >   Held,  sustained. 
Teniito,  It.  (ta-«^-to).  ) 
Tepidame'nte,  It.  (ta-pe-da-/w<f«-te).     In  an  even  unimpas- 

sioned  style. 
Ter,  Lat.  (ter).     Thrice.     A  term  denoting  that  a  passage 

of  instrumental  music,  verse,  or  part  of  one  in  a  song  is 

to  be  rendered  three  times. 
Tercet,  Fr.  (ter-sa).  A  triplet. 
Ternary.  Composed  of  three  parts. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  IO$ 

Ternary  measure.     Simple  triple  time. 

Tertia,  Lat.  (tfr-shi-ii).     Third 

Tertia   modi,   Lat.    (t/r-shi-a.  mo-de).     Third   degree  of  a 

scale. 

Terz,  Gtr  (terts)  1 
Terza,  It.  (tdr  tsa). > 
Tetrachord.  The  interval  of  a  perfect  fourth.  The  scale 

progression  of  four  tones  comprising  a  perfect  fourth. 
Tetratone.     An  augmented  fourth. 
Thema,  Ger.  (fc?-ma).  \ 
Theme,  Fr.  (tern).       f  1    eme' 
Thesis,  G/6.  (tha-sis).     The  down  beat,  strong  beat. 
Third.     An  interval  consisting  of  three  degrees. 

Example. 

Major.         Augmented.       Minor.         Diminished. 


Thorough-bass.  A  kind  of  musical  short-hand  in  which 
the  chords  to  be  written  or  played  with  a  given  bass 
are  indicated  by  figures  placed  over  or  under  the  given 
part. 

Threnody.     A  dirge.     A  song  of  lamentation. 

Tie.  A  curved  line  joining  two  notes  of  the  same  pitch 
intended  to  be  rendered  as  one  note  equal  in  time 
value  to  the  two  given  notes. 

Tief,  Ger.  (tef).     Low,  grave,  deep. 

Tierce,  Fr.  (ters).     Third. 

Tige,  Fr.  (teg).     Stick  of  a  bow  ;  drumstick. 

Timbre,  Fr.  (tan/4br).  )    , 

•    (   Quality  of  tone. 
Timbro,  //.  (tern-bio).  J 

6,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


106  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONAKY 

Time.     Tempo ;  duration  of   notes,  number  and   duration 

of  beats  in  a  measure. 
Time  signature.     The  sign  placed  after  the  clef  and  its 

accompanying  sharps  or  flats,  usually  in  the  form  of  a 

fraction. 

f   The  following  are  the  present  time  signatures. 

Alia  Breve  —  jjf.  Every  measure  contains  four  beats, 
each  represented  by  a  half  note  or  its  equivalent. 

Common  time  —  g  or  jj.  Four  beats,  each  repre- 
sented by  a  quarter  note  or  its  equivalent. 

Alia  Cappella  —  jj*  or  %.  The  same  time  signature 
as  Alia  Breve.  Every  measure  contains  two 
beats,  each  represented  by  a  half  note  or  its 
equivalent.  Sometimes  incorrectly  called  Alia 


7. 


U2 

2 

o 
u 


Breve. 
?     Two  quarter  beats  to  each  measure. 

g     Four  eighth  beats  to  each  measure. 

Eight  eighth  beats  to  each  measure. 

§     Two  eighth  beats  to  each  measure. 

/ts    Four  sixteenth  beats  to  each  measure. 
1  6 

^    Four  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  half 

note  or  its  equivalent. 
Q  Four  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  quarter 

note  or  its  equivalent. 
Four  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  eighth 

note  or  its  equivalent. 


12 


2     Two  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  whole 
^  note  or  its  equivalent. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  107 

Two  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  half 

note  or  its  equivalent. 
Two  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  quarter 

note  or  its  equivalent. 
j^L    Two  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  eighth 

note  or  its  equivalent. 

^i    Eight  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  eighth 
note  or  its  equivalent. 

?  or  3    Three  beats,  each  represented  by  a  whole 

note  or  its  equivalent. 
§     Three  beats,  each  represented  by  a  half  note  or 

its  equivalent. 
?     Three  beats,  each  represented  by  a  quarter  note 

or  its  equivalent. 
g     Three  beats,  each  represented  by  an  eighth  note 

or  its  equivalent. 
j^.    Three  beats,  each  represented   by  a  sixteenth 

note  or  its  equivalent. 

®  Three  beats,  each  represented  by  a  dotted  half 

note  or  its  equivalent. 
g*  Three    beats,     each     represented    by    a    dotted 

quarter  note  or  its  equivalent. 
JQ  Three    beats,    each    represented    by    a    dotted 

eighth  note  or  its  equivalent. 

5   Five  beats,  each  represented  by  a  quarter  note 

or  its  equivalent. 
|  Five  beats,  each   represented  by  an  eighth   note 

or  its  equivalent. 


o,  old ;  8,  odd ;  6,  done ;  oo,  moon  ;  \\.,lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French}. 


IO8  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 


Q 
E 

^    &    rVi  five  eighth  notes. 

i  I  £ 

five  sixteenth  notes. 


Three  beats;    each  beat  has  the  value  of 


]  §  Three  beats ;  each  beat  has  the  value  of 
i  o 


w   j    J  Seven  beats,  each  represented  by  a  quarter  note 
6*    I  •  • 

or  its  equivalent. 

£   |    £   Seven  beats,  each  represented  by  an  eighth  note 
$   I  or  its  equivalent. 

With  the  foregoing  table  should  be  included  the  double 
time  signatures  which  seem  to  be  much  used  by  the 
modern  Russian  composers,  H,  II,  Jl,  etc.  The  double 
time  signature  denotes  that  the  movement  is  made  up 
of  measures  in  the  two  kinds  of  time  indicated,  without 
regard  to  the  order  in  which  the  changes  occur. 

Timidame'nte,  //.  (te-me-da-»z<?«-te).     Fearfully. 

Timide'zza  con,  //.  (te-me-ddt-sa.  con).  In  a  timorous,  hesi- 
tating style. 

Timor6so,  //.  (te-mo-ro-zo).     Fearful,  timorous. 

Timorosame'nte,  It.  (te-mo-ro-za-wz^w-te).     Timorously. 

TInto,  con,  //.  (fen-to).     Expressive. 

Tirade,  Fr.  (te-rad).  A  rapid  run  joining  two  melody 
notes. 

Tirata,  It.  (te-ra-ta).  )    T 

>   Down-bow. 
Tir6,  Fr.  (te-ra). 

Todesgesang.  Ger.  (/J-des-ghe-jawevJ).  ) 

'    \   A  funeral  song. 
Todeshed,  Ger.  (to-fes-led). 

Todtenlied,  Ger.  (tod-i'n-led).  Funeral  song  or  anthem. 
Ton,  Ger.  (ton).  A  tone,  mode,  key,  octave-scale,  pitch. 
Ton  abstand,  Ger.  (ton  a^-shtand).  Interval. 

a,  ale ;  a,  add ;  a,  care ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  109 

Tonarten  verwandschaft,  Ger.  (#»-ar-t'n  fer-z/J«</-shaft). 
Key-relationship. 

Ton-bildung,  Ger.  (ton-Wt-doongk).  Vocal  culture;  pro- 
duction of  tone. 

Ton-dichter,  Ger.  (ton-dtkk-tzr).     Composer. 

Ton-dichtung,  Ger.  (ton-dt&A-toongk.).     Composition. 

Ton-fall,  Ger.  (A?«-fall).     Cadence. 

Ton-farbe,  Ger.  (ton-far  \£).     Timbre,  quality,  tone-color. 

Ton-folge,  Ger.  (tdn-fol-ghe).  A  series  or  succession  of 
tones. 

Ton-fiihrung,  Ger.  (ton-Ju-roongk).     Melodic  progression. 

Ton-fuss,  Ger.  (ton-foos).     A  measure,  a  rhythm. 

Ton-gebung,  Ger.  (ton-gAd-boongk).  Intonation,  tone  pro- 
duction. 

Ton-geschlecht,  Ger.  (ton-g\iz-shlekht).     Mode. 

Ton-hohe,  Ger.  (/<?«->W-he).     Pitch. 

Ton-kunde,  Ger.  (#Jw-koonde).     Science  of  music. 

Tonkunst,  Ger.  (A7#-koonst).     Art  of  music,  music. 

Ton-lage,  Ger.  (ton-ta-ghe) .     Register,  pitch. 

Ton-leiter,  Ger.  (£?«-/f-ter).     A  scale. 

Ton  malerei,  Ger.  (ton  ma-\<t-n).  Program-music,  imitative 
music ;  tone-painting. 

Ton-satz,  Ger.  (A?«-satz).     Composition,  composing 

Tonschluss,  Ger.  (ton-shloos).     Cadence. 

Ton-setzer,  Ger.  (ton-set-tser) .     Composer. 

Ton-set zkunst,  Ger.  (Aw-j<#.r-koonst).  The  art  of  composi- 
tion. 

Ton-sprache,  Ger.  (ton-shprdk-€).  Tone-speech  or  language- 
music. 

Ton-stuck,  Ger.  (A?«-shtiik).  A  piece  of  music,  composi- 
tion. 

6,  old  ;  §,odd;  &,done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French). 


IIO  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Ton-stuf e,  Ger.  (ton-shtoo-it) .     Degree  of  a  scale. 
Ton-system,  Ger.  (ton-sfs-tem).     Tone  system  or  theory  of 

musical  tones. 

Ton-unfang,  Ger.  (ton-oon-fa.ngk).     Compass. 
Ton-unterschied,  Ger.  (ton-oon-ter-shed).     Interval. 
Ton-verziehung,  Ger.  (A?«-fer-£ri?-hoongk).      Tempo  rabato. 
Ton,  Fr.  (ton^).     Tone,  pitch,  mode,  key,  scale. 
Ton  bouche,  Fr.  (ton^  boo-sha).     A  stopped  tone,  as  in 

horn-playing. 

Ton  d'6glise,  Fr.  (ton^  da-glez).     Church-mode. 
Ton  entier,  Fr.  (ton>£  an/4-te-ar).     Whole  tone. 
Ton  majeur,  Fr.  (ton/*  ma-zhur).     Major  key. 
Ton  mineur,  Fr.  (too#  mf-nur).     Minor  key. 
Ton  ouvert,  Fr.  (tonfi  oo-vdr).    An  open  or  natural  tone,  as 

on  a  horn  or  trumpet. 

Ton  relatif,  Fr.  (ton/4  rel-a-A?/").     Related  key. 
Tonic.  "I 

Tonica,  It.  (tf-ne-ka). 

f-  The  keynote  of  a  scale. 
Tonika,  Ger.  (to-ne-ka). 

Tonique,  Fr.  (to-nek).     J 

Tonic  chord.     The  triad  having  for  its  root  the  keynote. 

Tonisch,  Ger.  (ton-ish).     Tonic. 

T6no,  It.  (A?-n6).     Key,  tone. 

Tonos,  Gk.  (/J-nos).   )     . 

,        .       „  .    f  A  tone,  a  mode. 
Tonus,  Lot.  (to-nus).  ) 

Tostam^nte,  It.  (tos-ta-wJ«-te).     Quick  and  bold. 
Tostfssimo,  It.  (tos-ter-se-mo).     With  great  rapidity. 
T6sto,  It.  (tos-to).     Rapid. 
Toujours,  Fr.  (too-zhoor).     Same  as  sempre. 
Trad61ce,  It.  (tra-<jW/-che).     Very  soft,  sweet. 
TradoltO,  It.  (tra-ddt-to).     Transposed,  arranged. 

a.  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  T,  ice  ;  I,  /'//; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  1 1 1 

Tragen  der  Stimme,  Ger.  (tra-g'n  der  s%t?m-me).  Carry 
the  part  or  voice ;  equivalent  to  Portamento. 

Traine1,  Fr.  (tra-na).     Bound,  slurred. 

Trait,  Fr.  (tra).  A  phrase,  passage ;  vocal  or  instrumental 
run. 

Trait  de  chant,  Fr.  (tra  dun  shan//).     Melodic  phrase. 

Trait  d' harmonic,  Fr.  (tra  d  'dr  mo-ne).  A  chord  pass- 
age. 

Traite",  Fr.  (tra-Af).     Treatise. 

Trallern,  Ger.  (trdt-lern).     To  trill. 

Tranquillame'nte,  It.  (tran-quel-la-wzJ«-te).     Tranquilly. 

Tranquille,  Fr.  (tran-keye).     Tranquil. 

Tranquille'zza,  It.  (tran-quel-/<fAsa).  ( 

Tranquillita,  //.  (tran-quel-#-ta).       I 

Tranquillo,  //.  (tran-^/-lo).     Tranquil. 

Transcrit,  Fr.  (trans-kre).     Transcribed. 

Transcription.  The  adaptation  or  arrangement  of  a  com- 
position for  some  voice  or  instrument  for  which  it  was 
not  intended. 

Transponiren,  Ger.  (trdns-po-ne-ren).     To  transpose. 

Transpose.  To  change  the  pitch  of  a  composition  and 
thereby  place  it  in  another  key. 

Trascinando,  //.  (tra-she-«a«-do).     See  Strascinando. 

Transportato,  It.  (trans-por-^a-to).     Transposed. 

TrattenutO,  It.  (trat-te-«<w-t6).     Retarding  the  tempo. 

Trauermarsch,  Ger.  (/r<?«/-er-marsh).     A  funeral  march. 

Traurig,  Ger.  (trow-r\g}.     Melancholy,  sad. 

Tre,  It.  (tra).     Three. 

Tre  c6rde,  It.  (tra  Jkor-de).  Three-strings.  A  term  used  in 
pianoforte  music  denoting  that  the  soft  pedal  is  not  to 
be  continued. 

5,  old  •  6,  odd ;  6,  done ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French}. 


112  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Treble.     Soprano. 

Treble-clef.     The  G  clef, 

Treibend,  Ger.  (fri-bend).  Hastening,  urging ;  accelerando, 
stringendo. 

Tremando,  It.  (tra.-man-do).     With  a  tremolo  effect. 

Tremblant,  Fr.  (tran^-blan^).     Tremulant. 

Tremblement,  Fr.  (tran^bl-man^).     Tremolo,  trill. 

Tremolando,  It.  (tra-m6-/£»-do).     With  a  tremolo  effect. 

Tremolo,  It.  (trd-mo-lo).  A  tone  or  tones  rendered  in  such 
a  way  as  to  produce  a  quivering  or  fluttering  effect. 

Tremol6so,  //.  (tra-mo-/J-z6).     With  a  tremulous  effect. 

Tremulieren,  Ger.  (tra-moo-/£-ren).  To  execute  a  tremolo 
or  trilL 

Tres,  Fr.  (tra).     Very. 

Triad.  A  chord  of  three  tones  having  a  root,  third,  and 
fifth. 

Trias,  Lat.  (tre-Zs).     Triad. 

Trill.  An  embellishment  consisting  of  a  given  note  rapidly 
alternating  with  its  major  or  minor  second. 

Trfllo,  ft.  (tret-lo).     Trill. 

Trinklied,  Ger.  (trfn&-\ed).     Drinking-song. 

Trio.  A  composition  for  three  parts,  voices,  or  instru- 
ments. 

Triole,  Ger.  (tre-J-le).  \       . 

Triolet,  Fr.  (tre-6-la).  J 

Triomphale,  Fr.  (tre-5n^-fal).     Triumphal. 

Triomphant,  Fr.  (tre-orufc-fant).     Triumphant. 

Trionfale,  //.  (tre-on/a-le).     Triumphal. 

Trionfante,  /A  (tre-onySw-te).     Triumphant 

Tripla,  It.  (tre-p\a).     A  triplet. 

Triple-croche,  Fr.  (tre-p'1-kro-she).     A  32d-note. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  acid ;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  \     V ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  I  1  3 

Triplet.  A  group  of  three  notes  of  the  same  time  value  to 
be  performed  in  the  time  of  two  of  the  same  kind  and 
in  the  regular  rhythm. 

Triste'zza,  It.  (tris-Af^-sa).     Melancholy,  sadness. 

Tritone.    An  augmented  fourth,  the    r~&~        I 
interval  of  three  whole  tones.        \-((§)  -  J 

Trois,  Fr.  (trwa).     Three.  ^~ 

Tr6ppO,  //.  (trop-vo).     Too,  too  much. 

Triib,  Ger.  (triib).      \ 

~      /    ...   w,    >   Sad,  gloomy. 
Trubc,  Ger.  (triib-e).  j 

Tucket.     A  flourish  of  trumpets. 

Tumultu6so,  It.  (too-mool-too-J-zo).     Agitated,  impetuous. 

Tune.     Melody,  air. 

Tu6no,  //.  (two-no).     A  tone  ;  a  mode. 


-ka).) 
-ko.  ) 


Turco,  //.  (toor-ko). 
Turn.     The  sign  as». 

Written.  Played. 


Tusch,   Ger.  (toosh).     A  flourish  given  by  the  wind-instru- 
ments of  an  orchestra  to  denote  welcome  or  applause. 

A   flourish   of  trumpets   accompanied   by  a  roll  of 
drums,  the  flourish  performed  three  times. 

Tutta,  It.  (toot-la).  ^ 

Tiitti,  It.  (tatf-te).  >   Whole,  all. 

TiittO,  //.  (toot-to).  )  . 

TiittO  Arco,  //.  (toot-to  ar-ko).     Whole  bow. 

Uber,  Ger.  («-ber).     Over,  above. 

6,  old ;  o,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French). 


114  PRO  NO  UNCING  DIG  TIONA  R  Y 

Ubergang,  Ger.  (ii-\&*-giingk} .     Modulation,  transition. 

Uberleitung,  Ger.  («-ber-/z-toongk).    Transitional  passage. 

tibermassig,  Ger.  (u-ber-mds-sig).     Augmented  (intervals). 

Ubung,  Ger.  («-boongk).     Practice;  exercise. 

Ubungen,  GVr.(w-boon-ghen).     Exercises. 

Uguale,  It.  (oo-gwa-le).     Equal,  even,  like. 

Ugualita,  It.  (oo-gwa-le-te').     Equality. 

Ugualme'nte,  It.  (oo-gwal-»z<f«-te).     Evenly,  alike. 

Umfang,  Ger.  (<w0z-fangk).     Compass. 

Umkehrung,  Ger.  (wwz-ka-roongk).     Inversion. 

Umore,  It.  (00-mo-re).     Humor. 

Un,  Fr.  (anA).  ) 

Une,  Fr.  (iin).  )       ' 

Un  peu  plus  lent,  Fr.  (an/fc  piih  plii  lanA).     A  little  slower. 

Un,  It.  (oon.)      j 

Una,  It.  (00-na).  >   A,  or  an. 

Uno,  It.  (oo-no).  ) 

Una  COrda,  It.  (oo-na.  kor-d£).  A  term  used  in  pianoforte 
music  indicating  that  the  soft  pedal  is  to  be  used. 

Una  v61ta,  It.  (w-na  jw/-ta).     Once. 

Und,  Ger.  (oondt).     And. 

Undecuplet.  A  group  of  eleven  notes  of  the  same  time- 
value  to  be  rendered  in  the  time  of  six  or  eight  of  the 
same  kind  in  the  regular  rhythm. 

Under-song.     Burden,  refrain. 

Undulazione,  It.  (oon-doo-la-tse-^-ne).  The  vibrato  effect 
on  bow-instruments. 

Unendlich,  Ger.  (oon-<?W-lIkh).     Infinite. 

Ungarisch,  Ger.  (ww-g'a-rish).     Hungarian. 

Ungeduldig,  Ger.  (oon-ghe-ab0/-dig) .     Impatient. 

Ungerade  Takt,  Ger.  (oon-ghe-ra-de  takt).     Triple  time. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add;  a,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice  ;  \,  ill; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  I  I  5 

Ungestum,  Ger.  (00«-ghe"-shtoom).     Impetuous,  stormy. 

Ungleich,  Ger.  (oon-glikh).     Unequal. 

Unharmonisch,  Ger.  (oon-har-/w^-nish).     Inharmonic. 

Unison.  Two  or  more  tones  of  the  same  pitch.  The  term 
is  sometimes  used  in  place  of  the  word  prime. 

Unison  passage.  A  term  given  to  certain  passages  in 
vocal  or  instrumental  compositions  where  several 
voices  or  instruments  render  the  same  part  in  unison 
or  an  octave  and  sometimes  two  or  three  octaves  apart. 

Unitame'nte,  //.  (oo-ne-ta-#z<?«-te).     Unitedly,  jointly. 

Unita,  It.  (w-ne-ta).     )    . 

-.   .,   '         .  \   Joined,  united. 

Unito,  It.  (w-ne-to).     ) 

Univ6co,  It.  (oo-ne-z'J-ko).     One  sound  or  voice. 

Uno,  It.  (oo-wo).     One.     See  Un. 

Uno  a  uno,  It.  (oo-no  a  oo-no).     One  by  one. 

Un  peu,  Fr.  (a.nA  puh).     A  little. 

Unruhig,  Ger.  (oon-ra?-hig).     Restless. 

Unter-dominant,    Ger.  (oon-ter-dom-i-nant}.     Subdominant. 

Unter  halbton,  Ger.  (ww-ter  hdlb-ton).     The  leading  note. 

Unter-leitton,  Ger.  (w«-ter-//?-ton).     Dominant  seventh. 

Unter-mediante,  Ger.  (oon-ter-md-de-dn-te).     Submediant. 

Unter- stimme,  Ger.  (00n-ter-sAt?m-me).     Under  part. 

Ut,  Fr.  (oot).     The  note  C. 

Ut,  Lat.  (ut).     Like,  as,  just  as. 

Ut  supra,  Lat.  (fit  sii-pra.).    As  above. 

Va,  It.  (va).     Continue. 

Va  crescendo,  It.  (va  kre-sMn-do).    Continue  the  crescendo. 

Vacillando,  It.  (vat-che-/£»-d6) .     A  term  denoting  that  the 

passage  so  marked  is  to  be  rendered  in  a  vacillating, 

hesitating  style. 

5,  old  ;  6,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (French) 


Il6  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Vago,  It.  (fa-go).     Dreamy,  vague. 
Valeur,  Fr.  (va-liir).   \ 
Valor,  Lat.  (z>a/-6r).    >   Value  (time-value). 
Val6re,  //.  (va-/^re).  ) 

Variante,  It.  (va-re-<z»-te)  and  Fr.  (va-re-ant).     A  variant 
See  Ossia. 

VariatO,  It.  (va-re-a-t5).  )    _ 

'  f  Vaned. 
Vari6,  Fr.  (va-re-<f).        > 

Veem£nte,  It.  (va-*w<?«-te).     Passionate,  vehement. 
Veloce,  It.  (ve-/J-che).     Swift,  rapid. 
Velocem^nte,  It.  (ve-/^che-«wJ«-te).     Swiftly. 
Velocissimo,  It.  (ve-l6-^<?j-se-mo).     Very  swift. 
Velocita,  It.  (ve-lo-che-tf).  ) 
Velocit^,  Fr.  (va-l5-se-/J).  J    fc 
Veniisto,  It.  (vS-noos-to).     Elegant,  graceful. 
Veranderungen,  Ger.  (fe-rJ«-de-roong-en).     Variations. 
Verbindung,  Ger.  (fer-3f«-doongk).     Tying,  binding ;  com 

bination. 

Verdeckt,  Ger.  (ier-dekf).     Covered,  concealed. 
Verddoppelt,  Ger.  (feW^-p'lt).     Doubled. 
Verdoppelung,  Ger.  (fer-a^-pel-loongk).     Doubling. 
Vergellen,  Ger.   (ler-ghel-Yn).     To  diminish  gradually. 
Vergniigt,  Ger.  (fer-gniigt).     Cheerful. 
Verhallen,  Ger.  (fer-^a/-l'n).     To  die  away. 
Verhallend,  Ger.  (fer-^aV-lend).    )         . 
Verloschend,  Ger.  (fer-#-shend).  ) 
Vermindert,  Ger.  (fer-»z/«-dert).     Diminished. 
Verschwindend,    Ger.    (f er-sAvin-dend) .     Vanishing,  dying 

away. 

Versetzen,  Ger.  (fgr-j/f-tse'n).     To  transpose. 
Versetzung,  Ger.  (fer-j#-tsoongk).     Transposition. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  a,  care;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  I,  ice ;  I,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  I  1 7 

Verte,  Lat.  (v?r-\.€).     Turn  over.     See  Volti. 

Verve,  fr.  (varv).     Energy,  spirit. 

Verwandt,  Ger.  (tewandt).     Related. 

Verwandte  tonarten,  Ger.  (ier-vandt  A5«-ar-ten).  Related 
keys. 

Verweilend,  Ger.  (fer-w-lend).     Delaying,  ritenuto. 

Verziert,  Ger.  (ier-tsert).     Ornamented. 

Verzierung,  Ger.  (fer-^-roongk).  Ornament,  grace,  embel- 
lishment. 

Verzogerung,  Ger.  (fer-fr^-ghe-roongk).     Retardation. 

Vezz6so,  It.  (\a.t-tsd-zo).     Elegant,  graceful. 

Vezzosamente,  It.  (vat-ts6-za-/wa«-te).     Gracefully. 

Vibrante,  //.  (ve-£ra«-te)   )    With   a   vibrating    quality    of 

Vibrate,  Lat.  (ve-£ra-te).   5       tone. 

Vibrato,  //.  (ve-6ra-to).  A  wavering  effect  produced  by  the 
voice ;  also  on  bow-instruments. 

Vide,  Fr.  (ved).     Open. 

Viel,  Ger.  (fel).     Much,  great. 

Vier,  Ger.  (fer).     Four. 

Vierhandig,  Ger.  (Jer-Adn-dig).     Four  hands. 

Vierklang,  Ger.  (y?r-klangk).     Chord  of  the  seventh. 

Vif,  Fr.  (vef).     Lively,  brisk. 

Vigorosame'nte,  It.  (ve-g6-ro-za-»zdw-te).    With  energy,  vigor. 

Vigor6so,  It.  (ve-go-rJ-zo).     Energetic,  vigorous. 

Villareccio,  //.  (vel-lar-r<?if-sh6).     Rural,  rustic. 

Violentamente,  It.  (ve-6-len-ta-wJw-te).  Impetuously,  vio- 
lently. 

VioltetO,  It.  (ve-6-/<f«-to).     Violent. 

Vista,  It.  (^j-ta).     Sight. 

Vistame*nte,  It.  (ves-ta-»?J«-te).    Animatedly. 

Visto,  //.  (7/«-to).     Lively,  animated. 

6,  old  ;  6,  odd  ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  u,  but ;  u,  (French}. 


Il8  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Vite,  Fr.  (vet).     Quick. 

Vivace,  It.  (ve-z/a'-che).     A  tempo  mark  denoting  a  degree 

of  speed  equalling  or  exceeding  allegro. 
Vivacfssimo,  //.  (ve-va^^j-se-mo).     Very  fast. 
Vive,  Fr.  (vev).     See  Vif. 
Vive"nte,  It.  (ve-vdn-te).     Animated,  lively. 

Vfvido,  //.  (z^-ve-do).  )    c 

„.        '        .    _>  (   Spirited,  hvelv. 

Vivo,  //.  (ve-vo). 

Voce,  //.  (vff-che).     Part,  voice. 
Voil6e,  Fr.  (vwa-\&).     Veiled. 
VoLs,  Fr.  (vwa).     Part,  voice. 
Vokal,  Ger.  (/?-kal).     Vocal. 
Volante,  It.  (v5-/a«-te).     Swift,  light. 

Volata,  It.  (vo-/a-ta). 

TT«i4*«    /~      i  -  7-t-\        f   A   short   vocal   trill   or  run. 

Volate,  Ger.  (voVa-te).       J      A  fi  h          id  series  of  notfis 

Volatinc,  /J?.  (vo-la-tf-ne).  ) 

Volkslied,  Ger.  (fdlks-\e&).    Folk-song. 

Voll,  Ger.  (foil).     Full. 

V61ta,   //.    (z/J/-ta).     A   turn  or    time   (ending),   as   prima 

volta,  first  time ;  secondo  volta,  second  time. 
V61ti,  It.  (zv/-te).     Turn  over. 

V61ti  subito,  //.  (vo/-te  j^^-be-to).     Turn  over  at  once. 
Volubilme'nte,  //.  (vo-loo-bel-»zJ«-te).     Fluently. 
Voluntary.     A  title  given  to  the  various  organ  pieces  used 

to  open  a  church  service. 
Vom,  Ger.  (fom).     From  the. 

Vorder  satz,  Ger.  (for-der  sats).     First  subject  or  theme. 
Vorgeiger,  Ger.  (for-^vfcf-ghe'r).     Leader,  first  violin. 
Vorhalt,  Ger.  (/Sr-halt).     Suspension. 
Vorhaltslosung,  Ger.  (/<?r-halts-/&r-soongk).    Resolution  of 

a  suspension. 

a,  ale  ;  a,  add ;  i,  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  e,  end ;  i,  ice  ;  i,  ill ; 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  119 

Vorher,  Ger.  (y?r-her).     Before,  previous. 

Vorig,  Ger.  (for-lg).     Proceeding,  previous. 

Voriges  Zeitmass,  Ger.  (yjjr-ig's  fstt-mass).    Tempo,  primo. 

Vorschlag,  Ger.  (Jor-sh\a.g).    A  general  term  for  the  various 

kinds  of  accented  appoggiatura. 

Vorsetzzeichen,  Ger.  (Jor-sets-ts?&'n).     Chromatic  sign. 
Vorspiel,  Ger.  (tor-shpel).     Overture,  prelude,  introduction. 
Vortrag,  Ger.  (for-iizg).     Style,  interpretation. 
Vox,  Lat.  (vox).     Voice. 
Voe,  Fr.  (vu).     Sight. 
Vu6ta,  //.  (voo-0-ta). 
Vuoto,  It.  (voo-<?-t5). 

Wankend,  Ger.  (van-kend).     Hesitating,  wavering. 
Warme,  Ger.  (vfir-me).     Warmth  (feeling). 
Webmuth,  Ger.  (vdb-mooi).     Sadness,  melancholy. 
Webmiithig,  Ger.  (vab-wzw-tig).     Sad. 
Welch,  Ger.  (vikh).     Tender,  soft,  minor. 
Weinend,  Ger.  (z7-nend).     Weeping. 
Weit,  Ger.  (vlt).     Broad. 

Weltliche  lieder,  Ger.  (w?#-likh-e  #-der).     Secular  songs. 
Wenig,  Ger.  (va-mg).    Little. 
Wie,  Ger.  (ve).     As. 
Wie  oben,  Ger.  (ve  £-ben).    As. 

Wie  vorher,  Ger.  (v§y?r-her).     As  at  first,  as  before. 
Wie  aus  der  Feme,  Ger.  (ve  ows  dery?r-ne).   As  from  a  dis- 
tance (echo). 

Wieder,  Ger.  (ve-der).     Again.  [tion. 

Wiedergabe,  Ger.  (w-der-ga-be).     Performance,  interpreta- 
Wiederholung,  Ger.  (^-der-^J-loongk).     Repetition. 
Weiderzeichen,  Ger.  (vt-der-tst-kh'n).     Repeat. 

6,  old  ;  5,  odd ;  6,  done  ;  oo,  moon  ;  u,  lute  ;  ii,  but ;  ii,  (French). 


I2O  PRONOUNCING  DICTIONARY 

Wiegenlied,  Ger.  (w-gen-led).     Cradle-song. 
Wind-band.     The  wind  instruments  of  an  orchestra. 
Wood-wind.     The   orchestral   wind  instruments   that   are 

made  of  wood,  as  the  flute,  oboe,  clarinet,  etc. 
Wortklang,  Ger.  (zwV-klangh)  .    Accent;  tone. 
Wuchtig,  Ger.  (viikk-ilg).    Weighty  ;  with  strong  emphasis 
Wunderlich,  Ger.  (zw«-d'r-likh).     Odd,  capricious. 
Wiirde,  Ger.  (z/wr-de).     Dignity. 
Wuthend,  Ger.  (z^V-end.)     Frantic,  furious. 

Zart,  Ger.  (tsart).     Delicate,  tender. 

Zartlich,  Ger.  (tsdrt-likh).     Tenderly. 

Zeffiroso,  It.  (tsef-fe-r^zo).     Zephyr-like. 

Zeichen,  Ger.  (&f-kh'n).     A  sign. 

Zeit,  Ger.  (tsit).     Time.     Also  the  same  as  taktteil. 

Zeitmass,  Ger.  (/j#-mass).     Tempo. 

Zeitwerth,  Ger.  (/jz7-virt).     Time-value. 

Zelosame'nte,  //.  (tsa-/£-za-»2d«-te).     Enthusiastically. 

Zel6so,  It.  (tsa-/<?-z5).     Enthusiastic,  ardent. 

Ziemlich,  It.  (ir«w-Hkh).     Rather,  somewhat. 

Zierlich,  Ger.  (^r-likh).     Elegant,  graceful,  delicate. 

Zigeunerartig,  Ger.  (tse-goyn-ar-tig).     Gypsy-like. 

Zinf6nia,  //.  (tsen^J-ne-a).     A  symphony. 

Zingare'sca,  //.  (tsen  ga-r<fj-ka).     A  Gypsy  song  or  dance. 

Zingare'sca,   //.  (tsen-ga-rdj-ka).  )    _ 

i    *   f   Gypsy-like. 
Zingar^sco,  It.  (tsen-ga-rJj-ko).  ) 

Zitternd,  Ger.  (/^-tern'd).     Tremulous,  trembling. 

Zittino,  It.  (tset-^-no).     Silence. 

Zogernd,  Ger.  (tsd  ghernd)  .    Retarding,  lingering,  hesitating 


Z6ppa,  //.  (tsdp--p'&).  \  „  , 

'   f  Halting;  syncopated. 
Zoppo,  //.  (tsop-vo).  ) 

A,  ale  ;  a,  add  ;  i  care  ;  a,  arm  ;  e,  eve  ;  S,  end  ;  I,  ice  ;  I,  /'//,* 


OF  MUSICAL    TERMS  121 

Zunehmend,  Ger.  (tsoo-«<?-mend).     Crescendo. 
Zuruckhalten,  Ger.  (tsoo-rw£-Ao/-t'n).     To  retard. 
Zoriickhaltend,  Ger.  (tsoo-r£fc-Ao/-tend).     Ritardando. 
Zuriickhaltung,  Ger.  (tsoo-rw>Ma/-toongk).     Retardation. 
Zwei,  Ger.  (tsvi).     Two. 
Zweihandig,  Ger.  (tof-han-dig).     Two  bands. 
Zweistimmig,    Ger.    (te'f-shtim-mlg).      For  two   parts,   or 

voices. 

Zwischen,  Ger.  (fsvtsA-en).     Intermediate,  between. 
Zwischenspiel,  Ger.  (/jr/fr^-en-shpel).  Interlude,  intermezzo. 
Zwischen-stille,  Ger.  (tsvfsfi-en-shttl-\€).    A  pause. 

6,  old ;  6,  odd ;  6, done ;  oo,  moon;  u, lute ;  u,  but ;  ii,  (Frenth). 


PRONUNCIATION   OF  THE  NAMES 

OF  THE   CHIEF   COMPOSERS 

AND  ARTISTS 


Auber  (Oh-bare'). 
Adam  (Ah'-dahm). 

Boito  (Boy-ee'-toe). 

Bargiel  (Bahr'-geel). 

Biilow  (Bee'low). 

Bach  (Bahch). 

Beethoven  (Bay'-toven). 

Bellini  (Bellee'nee;  final  syllable  short). 

Berlioz  (Bair'-lee-oz). 

Bizet  (Bee'zay). 

Brahms  (Brahms ;  broad  "  ah  "). 

Bruch  (Brooch;  hard  "ch,"  guttural). 

Calve  (Kahl'-veh). 

Chaminade  (Shah'-mee-nahd). 

Cherubini  (Kair-oo-bee'-nee;  final  short). 

Chopin  (Sho'-pang). 

Clementi  (Kleh-ment'-ee;  final  syllable  short). 

Couperin  (Koop'-er-rang). 

Cramer  (Krah'-mer). 

Cui  (Koo'-ee). 

Czerny  (Churn'-y). 

D'Albert  (Dahl'bear). 
Delibes  (Day-leeb'). 

123 


124        PRONUNCIATION  OF  NAMES    OF 

De  Reszke  (Deh-Resch'-keh). 
Diabelli  (Dee-ah-bel'-lee). 
Donizetti  (Doh-nee-tset'-tee). 
Dvorak  (Dvor-zhak). 

Faure  (For). 

Flotow  (Floh'-to). 

Franchetti  (Frahn-ket'-tee ;  final  short). 

Frank  (Frahnk). 

Franz  (Frahnz). 

Fuchs  (Fooks). 

Gade  (Gah'-deh). 
Glazounow  (Glah-tsoo'-noff). 
Oluck  (Gloock). 
Godard  (Go'-dar). 
Gounod  (Goo'-no). 
Grieg  (Greeg). 
Guilmant  (Geel'-mong). 

Halevy  (Hah-lay'-vy). 
Handel  (Hand'-el). 
Haydn  (High'-dn). 
Herold  (Hair'-old). 

Jensen  (Yen'-sen). 

Kjerulf  (Kcher'-oolf ;  guttural  "  ch  "). 

Lachner  (Lahch-ner ;  guttural  "  ch  "). 
Leoncavallo  (Lay'-on-kah-vah'-lo). 
Liszt  (Least). 
Loewe  (Lay'-ve). 


CHIEF  COMPOSERS  AND  ARTISTS      125 

Mascagni  (Mahs-cahn'-yee). 

Massenet  (Mahs'-say-nay). 

Mattel  (Mah-tay'-ee). 

Mendelssohn  (Mend'-l-sohn). 

Meyerbeer  (My'-er-bare). 

Moscheles  (Mosh'-eh-les). 

Moszkowski  (Mosh-koffs'-kee). 

Mozart  (Mo'-tsart). 

Napravnik  (Nah-prahv'-nick). 

Nicode1  (Nick'-oh-day). 

Offenbach  (Of '-fen-bach  ;  guttural  "  ch  "). 

Ouseley  (Ooze'-ley). 

Paderewski  (Pah-der-eff'-skie). 
Palestrina  (Pah-les-tree'-na). 
Pergolesi  (Pair-go-lay'-zy). 
Puccini  (Poo-cheen'-ie). 

Raff  (Rahff). 
Rameau  (Rah'-mo'). 
Reinecke  (Rye'-neck-eh). 
Rheinberger  (Rine'-bair-ger). 
Rossini  (Ros-see'-nee). 
Rubinstein  (Roo'-bin-stine). 

Saint-Saens    (Sane-sahng)    impossible   to   give  quite  cor- 
rectly ;  last  syllable  somewhat  nasal. 
Scharwenka  (Shar-venk'-er). 
Schytte  (Shee'-tay). 
Scarlatti  (Scahr-laht'-tee  ;  last  short). 
Schubert  (Shoo'-bairt ;  the  "  t  "  very  light). 
Schumann  (Shoo'-mahnn). 
Sgambati  (Sgahm-bah'-tee ;  last  short). 


126  PRONUNCIATION  OF  NAMES 

Tschaikowsky  (Tschy-koff'-skee). 

Verdi  (Vair'-dee). 
Volkmann  (Folk'-mahnn). 

Wagner  (Vahg'-ner). 
Weber  (Vay'-ber). 
Widor  (Vee'-dor). 


ABBREVIATIONS 


A.     Alto. 
Accel. 


.    Accelerando. 
Accelo.  ) 

Ace.         \ 

Accom.     >   Accompaniment. 

Accomp.  ) 

Accres.     Accrescendo. 

Adgo.  or  Ado.     Adagio. 

Ad  lib.     Ad  libitum. 

Affett.     Affettuoso. 

Affrett.     Affrettando. 

Ago.  or  Agito.     Agitato. 

Allo.     Allegro. 

Allgtto. 


All'ott. 

All'ottava. 


l'0tt'        i      All. 

}•  All'c 
l'8va.   ) 


All' 

Al  seg.     Al  segno. 

Andno.     Andantino. 

Andte.     Andante. 

Animo.     Animato. 

Arc.     Coll'arco,  or  Arcato. 

Ard.     Ardito. 

Arpo.     Arpeggio. 

At.         ^ 

A  tern.    >  A  tempo. 

A  temp.  ' 

127 


1 28  ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 

Aug.    )   Augmented, 
Augn.  }    By  augmentation, 

B.     Basso,  bass. 

Bar.     Baritone. 

B.  C.     Basso  continue. 

B.  G.     Basso  generale,  or  Bassus  generalis. 
Bl.     Blasinstrumente. 

Br.     Bratschen. 
Brill.     Brillante. 

C.  *  time. 

j£.     Alia  Breve  time ;  also  Semi  Breve  or  double  time. 

C.  a.     Coll'arco. 

Cad.     Cadenza. 

Cal.     Calando. 

Calm.     Calmato. 

Cant.     Canto. 

Cantab.     Cantabile. 

C.  b.     Contrabasso. 

C.  B.     Col  basso. 

Cb.     Contrabasse. 

C.  D.     Colla  destra. 

'Cello.     Violoncello. 

Cemb.     Cembalo. 

C.  F.     Canto  fermo. 

Ch.     Choir,  choir-organ. 

Chal.     Chalumean. 

Chor.     Chorus. 

C.  1°.     Canto  primo. 

C.  L.     Col  legno 

Clar.     Clarinet. 

Clar°.     Clarino. 


ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS  1 29 


Clartto.     Clarinetto. 

Co.     Come. 

Col  c.     Col  canto. 

Coll'ott.  )    „  „ 

\  Coll'  ottava. 
C.  8va.    ) 

Com.     Comodo. 
Con  espr.     Con  espressione. 
Cor.     Cornet  or  Corno. 
Co.  So.     Come  sopra. 
C.  P.     Colla  parte. 

Cres.    )    . 

f    Crescendo. 
Cresc   ' 

C.  S.     Colla  sinistra;  also  come  sopra. 
Cto.     Concerto. 

C.  voc,     Colla  voce. 

Dal.  S.     Dal  segno. 

D.  C.     Da  capo. 
Decresc.     Decrescendo. 
Delic.     Delicamente. 
Dest.     Destra. 

Diap.     Diapason,  or  Diapasons. 

Dim.     Diminuendo,  diminution. 

Div.     Divisi. 

Dol.     Dolce. 

Dolcis.     Dolcissimo. 

Dopp.  Fed.     Doppio  pedale. 

Energ.     Energicamente. 
Espr.,  or  Espress.     Espressivo. 
Exp.,  or  Ezpr.     Orgue  expressif. 

f .  or  for.     Forte. 
Fag.    Fagotto. 


1  30  ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 

Falset.     Falsetto. 
ff  .  or  fff  .     Fortissimo. 
Fl.     Flauto. 
Flag.     Flageolet. 
F  0 

F.'org 

fp.     Forte  piano. 

Fz.  or  Forz.     Forzando. 


) 
J 


Ged.     Gedampft. 
G.  0.      \    Great  organ. 
G.  Org.  )    Grand  orgue. 
Grand.     Grandioso. 
Graz.     Grazioso. 
Gt.     Great  organ. 

Hauptw.     Hauptwerk  (Great  organ). 
Haul.     Hautboy. 
H.  C.     Haute-contre  (high  tenor). 
Hlzbl.  or  Hzbl.     Holzblas3- 
Hptw.  or  H.  W.     Hauptwerk. 
Hr.  or  Hrn.     Homer. 

Incalz.  Incalzando. 
Intro.  Introduction. 
Inv.  Inversion. 

K.  F.     Kleuie  Flote. 

Leg.     Legato. 
Legg.     Leggero,  Leggiero. 
L.  H.     Left  hand,  linke  hand. 
Lo.     Loco. 


ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS  I  3  I 


Lao.     Luogo. 

Lusing.     Lusingando. 

Maest°.     Maestoso. 

Magg.     Maggiore. 

Man.     Manual. 

Mane.     Mancando. 

Marc.     Marcato. 

M.  D.     Mano  destra,  or  main  droite, 

Men.     Meno. 

Met.     Metronome. 

Mez.     Mezzo. 

Mf .     Mezzo  forte. 

Mfz.     Mezzo  forzando. 

M.  G.     Main  gauche. 

M.  M.     Maelzel's  metronome. 

Mod.,  Modto.     Moderate. 

Mor.     Morendo. 

Mp.     Mezzo  piano. 

M.  S.     Manuscript,  Manosinistra. 

M.  V.     Mezza  voce. 

Ob.     Oboe. 

Obbl.     Obbligato. 

Oberst.     Oberstimme. 

Oberw.  or  Obw.     Oberwerk. 

Oh.  Fed.     Ohne  Pedal. 

0.  M.     Obermanual. 

Op.     Opus. 

Opp.     Oppure. 

Orch.     Orchester,  orchestra. 

Org.     Organ. 

Ott,  Ova,  8a  or  8va.     Ottava. 


I  3  2  ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 

0.  W.     Oberwerk. 


F.  | 

}•   Pianoforte. 
i.  ) 


Fed.     Pedal. 

Perd.     Perdendosi. 

pf .     piu  forte. 

P.  F. 

Pfte. 

Piang.     Piangendo. 

Pianiss.     Pianissimo. 

Pizz.     Pizzicato. 

pmo.,  pp. |  ppp-j  PPPP-     Pianissimo. 

Prin.     Principal. 

Raddol.     Raddolcendo. 

Rail.     Rallentando. 

Recit.     Recitative. 

ri.,  rfz.,  rinf.,  rinfz.     Rinforzando. 

R.  H.     Right  hand,  rechte  hand. 

Rilas.     Rilasciando. 

Rip.     Ripieno. 

Risol.     Risoluto. 

Ritard.     Ritardando. 

Rit.,  Riten.     Ritenuto. 

Salic.     Salicional. 

Scherz.     Scherzando. 

Seg.     Segue. 

Sem.  or  Semp.     Sempre. 

Sf.,  sfz.,  sff.     Sforzanda 

Sim.     Simile. 

Sin.     Sinister. 

Sinf.     Sinfonia. 

S.  int.     Senza  interruzione. 


ABBRE  VIA  TIONS  1 3  3 


Slent.     Slentando. 

Smorz.     Smorzando. 

80S.,  Sost.     Sostenuto. 

Sp.     Spitze. 

S.  P.     Senza  pedale. 

Spir.     Spirituoso. 

S.  S.  or  Sord.     Senza  sordini. 

S.  T.     Senza  tempo. 

Stacc.     Staccato. 

St.  D.  or  St.  Diap.     Stopped  diapason. 

Stent.     Stentando. 

)    String  insruments. 
'  )    Streichinstrumente. 
String.     Stringuendo. 
Sw.     Swell-organ. 
Sym.     Symphony. 

T.  C.     Tre  corde. 
Temp.     Tempo. 
Tempo  I.     mpo  primo. 
Ten.     Tenuto. 
Timp. 


_ 
T  Timpani. 

T.  P.     Tempo  primo. 

Tr.     Trill,  trumpet. 

Tratt.     Trattenuto. 

Trem.     Tremolando,  Tremulant 

Tromb,  Trombe.    Tromboni. 

Tromp.     Trompete. 

T.  S.     Tasto  solo. 

U.  C.     Una  corda. 
Unis.     Unisono. 


1 34  ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 

Va.     Viola. 

Var.     Variation. 

Vc.,  Velio,  VllO.     Violoncello. 

Viol.,  VI.,  Vno.     Violino. 

Viv.     Vivace. 

V.  S.     Volti  Subito. 

Vv.,  Vin.     Violini. 

ABBREVIATIONS   BY   NUMBERS  AND 
WORDS. 

A  2.     Both  instruments  rendering  the  same  part  in  unison. 

!<>•     First  voice  or  instrument. 

no.     Second  voice  or  instrument. 

jma     Prima. 

jmo     Prfmo. 

nda  c.     Seconda  Corda. 

n iza  C.    Terza  Corda. 

IVt*     C.  Quarta  Corda. 

4to.     Quartetto. 

jfo-     Quintetto. 

&to.     Sestetto. 

jtto.    Septetto. 

SIGNS. 

.     Dot.     Staccato.    No  longer  used  as  a  sign  of  sforzato. 
t   I      Staccatissimo.     Martellato. 
-r-     Forte  tenuto.     Marcato. 

Mezzo  staccato.     Portamento. 

Written.  Played. 


ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 


135 


Two  or  more  dots  placed  above  a  note,  in  violin  music, 
indicates  the  number  of  notes  of  equal  time-value  into  which 
the  given  note  is  to  be  divided. 

^~_  _^     Mezzo  legato. 

Sign  used  in  vocal  music  denoting  that  the  notes 

2£ under  which  the  sign  is  placed  are  to  be  sung  to 

one  syllable. 

/rs     Hold. 

•>     Repeat  the  chord  or  figure  (Abbreviation). 

Written. 


Written. 


Played. 


liO>||     Breve,  or  Double  note ;   time-value 

equal  to  two  whole  notes. 
Written. 


(Abbreviation.) 


Played. 


0 


(Abbreviation.) 


1 36 


ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 


A  form  of  tremolo  in  which  the  lower  note  alternates  with 
the  upper  note  as  rapidly  as  possible,  the  tremolo  having 
the  time-value  of  one  whole  note. 


The  four  notes  at  (a)  are  played  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  chord  (b). 


(Abbreviation.)     Direct.     Continue  the  figure. 

-••-  Commonly  called  "  whole  rest,"  which  is,  however, 
rather  misleading,  inasmuch  as  the  sign  indicates  one  of  two 
meanings,  —  either  the  whole  measure  is  silent,  or  a  part  of 
the  measure  equal  in  time- value  to  a  whole  note  is  silent. 


(a) 


(d) 


The  "  whole  rest "  at  (a)  (b)  (c)  and  (d)  indicates  that  the 
whole  measure  is  silent. 


Example  (e)  is  a  quotation  from  the  Missa  Papae  Mar- 
celli  by  Palestrina ;  it  is  in  Alia  Breve  time.  The  rest  in  the 
first  measure  has  the  time-value  of  a  whole  note. 


ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 
Written. 


137 


£ 


I 


The  double  G  clef,  used  in  some  choral  works  for  the 
tenor  part ;  it  denotes  that  the  part  is  to  be  sung  an  octave 
lower  than  written. 

True  Pitch. 


1 


Written. 

Con  8va  bassa. 

Played. 


(Abbreviation.) 


-± 


— <5j— 


Written. 


^P 

—  |  r 

—  \—  j- 

-=  H    (Abbr 

—  4— 
8     '*" 

i—.~  .  

«    f1     ^    u 

<?      <!?        ^ 
Played. 

[9*fF 

3=T 

^g^=H 

ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 

Written. 

-X~  •£ — j-j     (Abbreviation.) 


Played. 


Broken   chords ;  beginning  with  the  lowest  note,  the  re- 
mainder follow  in  succsssion  as  rapidly  as  possible. 


The  g  and  d  in  the  second  measure  are  played  like  a 
broken  chord ;  the  b  is  held  over  from  the  first  measure 
(Pianoforte  music). 

(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 


10 


(a)  Two  measures  rest ;  (b)  four  measures  rest ;  (c)  seven 
measures  rest ;  (d)  ten  measures  rest,  or  more,  according  to 
the  number  given. 


I 


Stopped  notes  for  the  horn. 


ABB  RE  VIA  TIONS 


139 


55'#'lfi'   &'   §•     See  Segno, 
(a)  /w,  (b)  'Mv,  (c)  <g*g>,  (d),  tremu  (e)  /vw),  (f) 
(a)  Inverted  mordent ;  (b)  mordent ;    (c)  turn ;    (d),   (e), 
(f),  trill 


First  ending ;  second  ending. 
>•  or  -=c  Rinforzando.  AV>  Sforzato. 
1   or   Fed. 


|     Modern   signs    for   using  the 
damper  (loud)  pedal  of  the  pianoforte. 

2  Crescendo,     r  Decrescendo. 


TERMS  AND   ABBREVIATIONS   IN 
SONATAS. 

Anhang  (Ger.)  Coda.     (Abbr.  Anh.) 
Durchfuhrungssatz  (Ger.)  Development.     (Abbr.  DS.) 
Hauptsatz  (Ger.)  Principal  theme.     (Abbr.  HS.) 
Mittelsatz  (Ger.)  Middle  theme.     (Abbr.  MS.) 
Ruckgang  (Ger.)  Returning  passage.     (Abbr.  Rg.) 
Schluss-satz  (Ger.)  Close  (Cadence).     (Abbr.  Schls.) 
Seitensatz  (Ger)  Secondary  theme.     (Abbr.  SS.) 
Uebergang  (Ger.)  Transition.     (Abbr.  Ug.) 
Zwisschenatz  (Ger)  Intermediate  theme.     (Abbr.  Zws.) 


A  POCKET  MUSIC  VOLUME 

* 

Waltzes  of  Johann  Strauss 

With  a  Biographical  Introduction  by  HBNRY  T.  FiN«c,a  Photogravure 
Portrait  of  the  Author,  and  112  pages  of  Music. 

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RICHARD     WAGNER 
His   Life   and   Works 


By  ADOLPHB  JULLIEN,  Translated  from  the  French.  With  an  In- 
troduction  by  B.  J.  Lang.  Illustrated  with  fifteen  Portraits  of  Wagner 
and  one  hundred  and  thirteen  text-cuts  ;  scenes  from  his  operas,  views  of 
theatres,  autographs  and  numerous  caricatures. 

Extract  from  Mr.  Lang's  Introduction  : 

"  In  view  of  the  fact  that  almost  the  whole  of  our  English  Wag- 
neriana  has  come  from  Germany,  this  French  biography  is  of  uncommon 
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"  He  possesses  rare  qualifications  for  the  task  of  doing  full  justice  to 
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musical  research,  this  volume  will  be  of  great  interest. 


Two  volumes,  octavo  (size    7  1-4  x  10  inches) 
maroon  cloth,  gilt  tops  .    .  $3.00  for  the  set. 

J* 

KNIGHT     &     MI  LL  E  T 

221  Columbus  Avenue,   BOSTON. 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

405  Hilgard  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  CA  90024-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library 

from  which  It  was  borrowed. 


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